The Cuban Missile Crisis During World War II - 1350 Words

Following the events of World War II, in 1945 the United States and the Soviet Union entered a state of tension due to disagreements between the two countries during the war. With the United States being a capitalist nation and the Soviet Union being a communist nation, friction easily escalated into The Cold War which resulted in intense competition for many years after. The United States greatly feared the spread of communism beginning with the first Red Scare during World War I and adopted the containment policy after the second Red Scare to prevent further spread of communism. Tensions peaked at an all-time high during John F. Kennedy’s presidency, (1961-1963) along with the Soviet leadership of Nikita Khrushchev and the Nuclear Arms†¦show more content†¦resulting in state diplomats being prompted to speak with the Latin American countries on prevention of spreading Cuba’s communist revolution (Weaver 2014, 142). The Cuban uprising caused great distress for the U.S. in preventing communist revolutions which had originally initiated the Red Scare because the United States had been monitoring Soviet relations with Cuba for many years prior. International tensions eventually peaked between 1961 and 1962 amongst the United States, Soviet Union and Cuba. With the U.S. being at such high alert, the Kennedy administration eventually developed a foundation for multilateral action if conflict ever rose between the U.S. and Cuba (Weaver 2014, 143). Increased alertness had also peaked as the United States entered the Brink of nuclear war that would have been devastating for everyone around the world. As time advanced tensions between the U.S. and USSR escalated bringing heavier weight onto the upcoming Kennedy Administration. When Kennedy entered office, he faced an upcoming crisis with Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev over the city of Berlin. Since World War II, Berlin had been divided for reconstruction between Britain, the United States, and France who occupied West Berlin and the Soviet Union who occupied East Berlin. In June 1961, Khrushchev threatened to take West Berlin under communist rule (Gerdes 2004, 15). Because of this, President Kennedy was forced to

Essay on Platos Euthyphro - 578 Words

Platos Euthyphro One of the most interesting and influential thinkers of all time was Socrates, whose dedication to careful reasoning helped form the basis for philosophy. Socrates applied logical tricks in the search for the truth. Consequently, his willingness to call everything into question and his determination to accept nothing less than an accurate account of the nature of things made him one of the first people to apply critical philosophy. Although he was well known for his philosophical ways of thinking, Socrates never wrote anything down, so we are dependent on his students, like Plato, for any detailed knowledge of his methods or ways of thinking. One of the early dialogues†¦show more content†¦Euthyphro is supposed to provide a general definition that captures the very basic nature of what piety is. Euthyphro claims that he knows what it is to be pious, but every answer he offers is subjected to the full force of Socrates critical thinking. Socrates systematically refut es Euthyphros suggestion that what makes right actions right is that the gods love, or approve of them. First, there is the problem that since questions of right and wrong often create endless disputes, the gods are likely to disagree among themselves about moral matters just as often as we do, making some actions both right and wrong. Socrates lets Euthyphro off the hook on this one by agreeing with him, but only for purposes of continuing the discussion. More importantly, Socrates instigates a formal problem for Euthyphro from a deceivingly simple question, Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods? Neither choice can do the justice for which Euthyphro intends his definition of piety. If right actions are pious only because the gods love them, then moral rightness is completely optional, depending only on the impulses of the gods. But if the gods love right actions only because they are already right, then there must be some non-divine source of values, which we might come to know separately from theirShow MoreRelatedIn PlatoS Euthyphro, Socrates And Euthyphro Discuss The1734 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato s Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the nature of piety. Euthyphro first proposed that piety is that which the gods love. His proposal was quickly objected by Socrates though, since the gods often disputed amongst themselves and therefore what one loves can be what another hates. Euthyphro then revised his hypothesis to say that piety is that which the gods love unanimously and for the moment this was their conclusion. This definition however, that piety is what the gods love unanimouslyRead MoreThe Incompleteness of Platos Euthyphro Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Incompleteness of Platos Euthyphro The Euthyphro, like other Platonic dialogues, seeks to uncover the definition of a virtue. In its case, the virtue is piety. In the end, the dialogue fails to uncover this definition, rendering an impression of incompleteness. On account of the dialogues dual effect -- the presentation of Socrates spirit as well as the Greeks inability to define piety -- explanations for its incompleteness often place too much emphasis on Socrates and, as a resultRead MoreDifferent Definitions of the Word Pious Depicted in Platos Socratic Dialog Euthyphro1249 Words   |  5 PagesPlatos Socratic dialog Euthyphro is in many ways archetypal of the sort of philosophy that Socrates is thought to have been interested in. In it (as in most classic Socratic dialogs), Socrates seeks out a person who claims to have a certain sort of knowledge. He then proceeds to show that these experts do not possess this knowledge by getting them to contradict themselves. With this in mind, I will discuss the three defini tions of the word pious that the character Euthyphro gives to SocratesRead MorePlato’s Euthyphro829 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Plato’s Euthyphro Pamela Gaither PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning Instructor: Constance Dolecki 10/14/13 In the Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the concept of piety/holiness. This essay will not only test my ability to recognize and engage philosophical concepts and analysis, but also brings me into the dialogue as a participant, asking me to create my own definition of holiness. I explain how the concept of holiness emerges in the dialogue and why it takes a prominentRead MoreThe Definition of Piety in Platos Euthyphro1311 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Definition of Piety in Euthyphro Introduction Platos Euthyphro introduces the Socratic student both to the Socratic Method of inquiry and to, or at least towards, a definition of piety. Because the character of Euthyphro exits the dialogue before Socrates can arrive at a reasonable definition, an adequate understanding of piety is never given. However, what piety is not is certainly demonstrated. Euthyphro gives three definitions of piety that fail to mean much to Socrates, who refutesRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s The Euthyphro 1723 Words   |  7 Pagesdisciple, Aristotle, Plato set the groundworks of Western philosophy and science amid dialogues such as Apology, Euthyphro, Republic and Laws. These dialogues provided some of the earliest handlings of political inquiries from a philosophical viewpoint. In the Euthyphro, Plato composes a dialogue that transpires in 399 BC, weeks before the hearing of Socrates, for which Socrates and Euthyphro try to determine an absolute meaning for the word â€Å"piety† also known as ho liness. To enable the comprehensionRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory1237 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst this theory is known as the Euthyphro Dilemma, derived from Plato’s account of Socrates questioning Euthyphro about the determinant of piety, albeit in relation to the polytheistic Greek system of belief. In this account, Socrates asks if â€Å"†¦the gods love actions because they are pious, or are actions pious because the gods love them?† This inquiry can also obviously be applied to the modern, monotheistic interpretation of the Divine Command Theory. As Euthyphro struggles to answer the questionRead MoreEuthyphro, by Plato886 Words   |  4 Pagesleaves a significant impact on humanity. Most of all, it is methodologies of attaining this knowledge that makes him so mesmerizing. This methodology is referred to as Socratic irony, in literature. In any case, I will introduce the argument that Platos Euthyphro is extremely indicative of this type of methodology, for the reason being that: Socratess portrays a sense of intellectual humility. I will begin by, imposing the distinction between Socratic irony, and the one that is more familiar. AsRead MoreEuthyphro And Plato Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pages In two distinct works of Plato, he attempts to determine the good and explaining it so others can also understand it the way he does. The Euthyphro aims at determining the definition of piety through a dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates in order to come to a clear understanding through a thought out conversation. Similarly in the Republic, Plato utilizes three specific analogies to best convey the likeness, the levels, and the journey to reaching the highest good. The sun analogy, the dividedRead MorePlato : The Trial And Death Of Socrates1107 Words   |  5 PagesPlato: The Trial and Death of Socrates Euthyphro In Platos Euthyphro, Euthyphro is surprised to see Socrates at the courthouse because he doesnt seem like the kind of person that should be anywhere around a courthouse. They both discuss why Socrates is there in which he tells Euthyphro that he is being indicted by Meletus for corrupting the youth because he does not believe in the old gods of Athens and makes up new gods. Socrates goes on by telling Euthyphro his issue is not if he is being laughed

Pavlov Theory - Conditioned Response Essay - 1131 Words

Pavlov Theory - Conditioned Response A commonly heard word within psychology is â€Å"conditioning†, where does it come from and what does it mean? Conditioning is simply a form of learning, specifically learning through association. Conditioning is used in many experiments as I will discuss later. Classical conditioning was stumbled upon by accident by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. After he earned his medical degree in 1882 he spent many years studying the digestive system of many animals. By the year 1904 Pavlov had won the Nobel Prize for all of his research in that field. While studying the digestive system he had a dog strapped down with a harness, and fed it different types of food. While doing this he had a tube that was†¦show more content†¦There are a few principles of learning which can take place, they are acquisition, extinction, generalization, and discrimination. Acquisition is the term used for learning. This means that the animal does not learn within seconds, it takes a couple of pairings for it to learn to associate them as a singe event. To achieve acquisition to the maximum potential the food should come within one second of the bell or other stimulus. Another principle of conditioning is extinction. This is when the stimulus is not followed by a response, would the dog continue to salivate if a bell is rung but no food was put in front of him? The answer is no it would not, because it would have now re-learned to have no response simply because no response is known to that stimulus. One understanding within extinction is that it is not gone forever, meaning that if at a later time the dog was returned to the harness and had the bell rung with food given immediately after, it would then relearn to respond to only the bell within much less time than the first session. This bounce back effect is known as spontaneous recovery. The third principle of conditioning is generalization. Generalization is when the dog responded to a different bell with a similar tone yet not identical. The most well known example of generalization is the boy known as little Albert. Little Albert was condition to fear a harmless rat by psychologist JohnShow MoreRelatedPavlov s Stimulus Substitution Theory994 Words   |  4 PagesPavlov s Stimulus Substitution Theory focused on the nature of the conditioned response (CR), and proposed that conditioning enables the conditioned stimulus (CS) to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus (US) therefore the CR and the unconditioned response (UR) were the same response (Chance, 2013). According to Chance (2013), Pavlov s explained his theory in terms of physiology, proposing an innate neural connection allows the US to elicit the UR. However, during conditioningRead MoreRunning Head : Man s Best Friend939 Words   |  4 Pagesand personalities. Ivan Pavlov didn’t ha ve a particular fondness for dogs, but little did he know that through his experimentation with dogs and their neurological reflexes, he was going to reveal the similarities of conditioning abilities within animals and humans. There were many people that influenced Pavlov and lead him on to experimenting with classical conditioning in dogs. One of Pavlov’s main influences was Charles Darwin. Darwin was a scientist who had many theories he was known for but oneRead MoreEssay on Ivan Petrovich Pavlov1451 Words   |  6 PagesProfile of Ivan Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in the village of Ryazan, Russia, the son of Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, who was the village priest. Because he was the son of a priest he went to church school and enrolled in a theology seminar. As the son of a preacher Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was going to follow in his father’s footsteps, that was until he read a book by Charles Darwin called â€Å"The Origin of Species† After reading this book Ivan Pavlov dropped out of his theological studies andRead MoreIvan Pavlov s Theory Of The Conditioned Reflex1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthere was a famous Russian physiologist who created the theory of the conditioned reflex. His name was Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Ivan Pavlov conducted a well-known experiment for teaching a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a bell when presented with food. This experiment led Ivan Pavlov to become known for his development on Classical Conditioning, which captured the attention of everyone, especially physiologis t and psychologist. Ivan Pavlov was born September, 14, 1849 in Russia. Ivan Pavlov’sRead MoreEssay Operant Conditioning1743 Words   |  7 PagesIvan Pavlov Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning, It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. WhileRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesOperant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studies learned to associate countless stimuli with the expectationRead MorePavlov, Watson, and Skinner Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagespersonality formation. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory placed the subject of behavior into the forefront of medical study. Freud’s theory brought much criticism and controversy but most importantly; it brought interest to the subject of behavior and personality. This newfound interest caused many young doctors to begin studying how behavior is created. Many new theories would follow Freud’s and forever change the way science views behavior. Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner are three ofRead MoreClassical Conditioning Paper1235 Words   |  5 Pageselicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. In this paper the subject is to describe the theory of classical conditioning as well as describing a scenario in which one could apply classical conditioning theory to, and bring forth the scenario by showing illustrations of how this could be used and applied toward conditioning the subject. The Theory of Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning came to life through the work of Ivan Pavlov whoRead MoreThe Main Characteristics Of Psychological Understanding1614 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the main characteristics of psychological understanding is the approach to the theory of behaviourism. Behaviourism focuses on the action committed by an individual in response to certain situations rather than the thinking done by the individual, in simpler form, ‘the reaction’. Conditioning is a theory introduced by behaviourist, this concept discusses how stimuli’s can generate predictable responses that can be in sequence and repetitive, this contributes to the understanding of how organismRead MoreTheories About Human Behaviour And Its Effects On Human Behavior999 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviours that can be observed include covert behaviours, like thoughts and emotions, and behaviourism can be used to analyse these and then modify them. In the 20th century Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson and Ski nner all played very important roles in the emergence of Behaviourism and helped tear away from other psychology fields. Theories about human behaviour were concluded by experiments on animals and how they interacted with their environment. This then led to different experiments in conditioning behaviour

Bhagavad Gita Relating to Contemporary Business Practices

Question: Discuss about the Bhagavad Gita Relating to Contemporary Business Practices. Answer: Introduction The Holy Gita is significant in the Indian context as Arjuna in the Kurukshetra battlefield preaches it. These teaching counsels from this Holy Gita have formed the foundation of the management tactics that helps the Indians to overcome crisis and achieve mental equilibrium (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 42). The Bhagavadi Gita is a catalyst for transformation. Without a doubt, management is part of human life because it ensures a person assembles management principles and common purpose through different facets, such as finance, management of time, planning, practices, policies, priorities, personnel, resources, and machineries (Bhattathiri 1). Aggrarwal defines management as a systematic approach of putting human efforts in doing activities (1). The Bhagavadi Gita is a revelation from God that provides a complete guide. It raises the consciousness of man top achieve the possible highest level. The Bhagavadi Gita discovers various management principles that are applicable in modern world, as evident in chapter eighteen. The motive Arjuna defines the general management principles that are applicable in different fields. It is evident that effective management can be applied in all organizations thus achieve the set objectives. For instance, an effective manager should focus on human resources development, vision, strategy, and planning formation, establish institutional excellent, and take corrective measures (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 314). The managers are also expected to motivate the workforce. The Bhagavadi Gita is a grand Indian epic that focus on the moral and spiritual teachings. The Gitas ethical teachings seem to mould the Hindus moral consciousness. Interestingly, the Gita unifies different spiritual developments thus create ethical vision. Based on the significance of the Bhagavadi Gita, this article explores and incorporates the ethical practices that are manifested in an Indian business environment (Ranganthananda 436). The Bhagavadi Gita has highlighted the ethical principles and philosophies required in any business environment. According to Malik and Pereira, ethics focus on the moral principles that have defined the standard of behaviour acceptable in an environment (12). The ethics or moral behaviours provide logical justifications and reasoning of anything wrong or good. It thus focuses on principles and values regarding the human conduct. similarly, Mahadevan defines values as moral practices and principles that a group should display thus guide their personal conduct (559). Shankar (1) affirms that ethical behaviour is acceptable principles in governing the moral codes. Based on these ethical principles, there are various approaches that have helped to define them including individualism approach, utilitarian approach, justice approach, and moral rights approach? This approach focuses on how the moral behaviours can produce the best outcome or the greatest good numbers. In this approach, the manager must consider the consequences of any decision on various stakeholders. To this effect, the manager or leader must select the best decision that optimizes the peoples satisfaction. under the utilitarianism approach, the right action would enhance the maximization of social utility (Information Resources Management Association 1217). Ordinarily, people view beneficial results as an ethical consideration. to this effect, utilitarianism defines the ethical phenomena by appealing to the consequences. Therefore, this makes the theory of utilitarianism superior. Under this principle, any action perceived to be moral or ethical should promote an individuals interest in the long-term. Ranganthananda indicates that individuals value the best long-term advantage (432). The individuals thus believe that their advantage is based on the decision goodness. For instance, when an individual pursues self-direction, it becomes possible to accommodate others in similar pursuit of long-term interests (Rao and Paranjpe 9). This theory stipulates that everyone has fundamental liberties and rights that nobody can deny or takeaway. In fact, even individual decisions can never deny them these rights. Based on the Bhawuks findings, the ethical decisions should maintain these rights at all costs (3). The moral rights, therefore, are critical in defining the level of ethical decisions. The approach is unique and critical in defining the human behaviours and actions. According to Mahadevan, the moral decisions should be founded on the standards of fairness, equity, and impartiality. This approach focuses on different types of justice, such as compensatory justice, procedural justice, and distributive justice (Bhawuk 26). The procedural justice calls for fair administration of rule while the distributive justice calls for different treatment of individuals rather than consider the arbitrary characteristics in the administering justice. Under the compensatory justice, individuals are guaranteed compensation for any damage or injuries in the course of administration of justice. To this effect, nobody needs to be held liable for things beyond human control (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 241). These ethics are the standards, norms, and principles that are essential in managing an individual or group. With the growth and globalization experienced in the world economy, companies are stretching their resources to dominate the market. In fact, the government controls over the economy is diminishing thus call for exemplary ethical practices (Rao and Paranjpe 26). The organizational leadership are experiencing ethical problems on how they can manage their organizations by making the best decisions. Kanniappan defines an ethical leader to be an individual whose actions are in tandem with the ethical qualities (14). Without a doubt, ethical practices and principles produce leaders who are ethically upright as they practice acceptable behaviours in the society (Mahadevan 1). In the political and business contexts, ethical practices ensure the managers apply ethical principles in governance on the organizations. This has made the ethical principles to be critical in organizations. these practices ascertain good societal welfare and governance. Similarly, business organizations have expressed concerns regarding the ethical conducts. For instance, recently, businesses are suffering from various scandals thus exposes the level of unethical behaviours among the managers. The ethical practices ensure that the leaders of organizations provide value to stakeholders and shareholders. According to Aristotle, business ethics focus on moral and ethical principles relevant to business environment (62). these set of principles guide the managers in making ethical decisions. The business ethics thus covers various management functions like purchasing, accounting, finance, human resources, marketing, and operations. Today, business ethics have become an increasingly necessary factor. This is because, whenever the management slips, the business would go unethical. Indisputably, unethical business practices have befallen many companies (Aristotle 16). to this effect, it is critical for businesses to establish business ethics programs thus address various aspects of business activities, such as environmental, social responsibility, and ethical, and legal issues (Bhattacharjee 16). by systematically addressing these concerns, companies can easily expand opportunities, growth, and performance thus realizes their objectives. The ethical practices are beneficial to businesses because they help an organization to increase profits, gain competitive position, and enhance image and goodwill. With ethical practices, a firm can also minimize risks and costs, protect its stakeholders, and expand access to foreign investments, credits, and capital. Ethical business practices have become essential in the modern world. This is because; the ethical practices focus on the overall well-being of the society. A leader should be ethical by emphasizing on the benefits of the business. Bhatnagar (1) argues that unethical behaviour have always exposed companies to embarrassing scandals and losses. Faustino, Kaizeler, and Marques maintained that business managers experience numerous ethical issues (14). some of the issues are easy to handle while others have proved complex. For instance, the issues such as fraud and deceit, bribery, stealing, nepotism, information falsification, abuse of public find, quality control, and conflict of interests are among the issues the modern business managers must tackle. The environmental pollution and discrimination has also become a centre of concern. In many Asian countries, including India, have faced the issues on transparency, democracy, and ethical principles thus causing organizational failures. The situation goes beyond the Asian countries because ethical issues are evident even in the American contexts. Based on the findings of Bhattacharjee (25), many Americans view their business executives as fair or poor ethical standards because they have identified various aspects of crimes perpetuated. For instance, the white-collar crime has become a common problem in the United States thus exposes the level of unethical behaviour. in fact, the Americans believe that business leaders are amoral because they hold the ethical practices as inappropriate. For instance, businesses can rarely handle this question of value. Unfortunately, the businesses or managers have not acquired relevant skills that prepare them to address the issues of ethics (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 236). Therefore, the business schools have failed to train ethical managers. Globally, the organizations are struggling to overcome the corporate scandals. For instance, in the United States, the corporate scandals are eminent as they entail WorldCom and Enron where public lost significant investments. In Europe, this situation was never distinct as scandals hit Vivendi and Parmalat companies. In India, the stories of Satyam scandal triggered the public outcry. Based on these unethical practices, the public have thus become responsive, as they demand more answers from the managers. This has ensured that the culture of accountability is instilled, as leaders are held accountable for their actions. In fact, fraud and corruption are unethical practices that confirm the level of evil in the societies. These practices have exposed millions of employees to suffering. Despite the existence of various scandals, the society has emphasized on the ethical principles (Zeyar and Ordo?n?ez 368). Indisputably, different forms of corruption and bribery have proved costly for businesses. managers have to work with other officials to maintain secrete accounts, blackmail, and extortion to survive. Nevertheless, business managers must work with relevant authorities to develop regulatory practices to overcome the unethical practices and promote efficiency and transparency. Nasr has affirmed that business ethics is the only field that can eliminate the unethical behaviours (16). with the business ethics, it is possible for the society to promote transparency, honesty, integrity, fairness, and self-regulation. Each country or region has distinct ethical practices. In fact, even in India, each community exhibit distinct beliefs and culture. The ethical belief diversity calls for customization of ethical practices. For instance, in China, the society believes in Ta oism and Confucianism philosophies (Mahadevan 559). These beliefs have influenced the business practices in the Chinese context. Business Ethics and Indian Culture India is a country that boasts of the best business schools. However, the country has failed to produce the best companies in the world. This is because; the schools have failed to develop students who understand the indigenous management principles like the Gita. Indeed, the Indians are brought up in an environment where family ties are given priority. To this effect, it becomes difficult for such people to adjust and fit in the new environment. For instance, the Indian managers have failed to fit in the American individualistic environment where contractual management style and low-power distance are inevitable (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 239). The ethical principles are cultural-bound but universal. Muniapan (14) holds that an effective management system is rooted in cultural aspects. each country in Asia has defined its management system based on their individual ethical principles. For instance, the culture of Confucianism has defined the success of management systems in various count ries include Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan. the Indian context of unethical behaviour was evident in the second world war. This is because of the most of the business practices are based on the western ethical principles. indeed, many Indian businesses have underestimated the aspects of eternal ethical values. It is important for the Indian businesses to forego the external ethical practices and embrace their unique characteristics. Many studies on the Indian ethics have provided relevant information on business leadership. For instance, the Vidic literature has highlighted the ancient wisdoms regarding ethical practices (Cornelissen, Misra, and Varma 338). the Bhagavad-Gita is an Indian philosophy that has defined ethical practices in the society. The Indians believe that the Bhagavad-Gita is beyond the Indian context but covers the whole humankind. the teachings of Bhagavad-Gita are critical in the modern management of businesses. the concepts advocated in this principle include motivation, leadership, vision, and attitude towards work (Cornelinssen et al. 354). Bhagavad-Gita also focuses on excellence in work, nature of individuals, achieving goals, decision-making, meaning of work, and planning. According to Bhagavad-Gita, it is critical to manage oneself thus allow the individual to reach the best level. This principle is thus enlightens the Indians to apply all managerial techniques leading to a balanced state. therefore, the manager overcomes conflicts and contradictions that can cause inefficiency in an organization. The Bhagavad Gita has further described various management concepts including excellence in work, motivation, leadership, work ethics, and vision. with these concepts, the organizational managers can make critical decisions that would benefit the business. Through the Bhagavad-Gita, it is possible for the leader to motivate and create a work culture required for the success of an organization. the Bhagavad-Gita principle seems to address the issues befalling the human minds. It exposes the Indian manager to the conflict resolution strategy thus avoids preventable conflicts associated with the western thoughts. the Bhagavad-Gita is an effective managerial practice. It can thus be evident in various management concepts: The work of a manager revolves around proper utilization of resources. in most cases, resources are never enough, thus a wise decision on the management is critical. For example, before the Mahabharata War, it was critical to choose the large army to achieve victory. Arjuna opted for the wisdom of Sri Krishna for support. Based on the Bhagavad-Gita, it was evident that an effective manager must utilize the available resources. in erecting the temple, the three stonecutters were essential. The response of workers was illuminating. For example, the workers acknowledge that they were poor and needed the job to maintain their families. The workers showed that they had positive attitudes towards work because each wanted to justify their ability to produce results. Although their tasks were identical, the workers had different perspectives. Therefore, Bhagavad-Gita emphasizes on the development of a visionary perspective. the workers should establish a sense of vision to achieve the common goal. The Bhagavad-Gita emphasizes on detachment from results of actions or fruits during work. According to Riches, the managers should be dedicated to their work so that they can generate excellent work (8). Conversely, the aspects of detachment experienced at work are because the companies are never designed to respond to the positive calculations. the Bhagavad-Gita affirms the significance of mortgaging the present commitment. people should measure up to uncertain future by being unattached to their actions. The Bhagavad-Gita has given relevance to the cause and effect theory that ensures the doers become responsible for their actions (Kanniappan 26). The Gita maintains that individuals who focus on selfish gains must be ready for the arising consequences. The Gita also describes the aspects of stress management. it indicates that managers can overcome burnouts through psychological energy conservation in any work situation. Therefore, the right attitude to work is comparable to nishka ma karma that has ensured individuals avoids ego. Presumably, people work to accomplish their daily needs. these are the motivational factors as defined in the motivational theory as through work, a person can satisfy the needs, such as adequate food, shelter, clothing, status, appreciation, recognition, and personality development (Easwaran 34). Without a doubt, the need to satisfy the expectations of the society is critical for the success of the manager. besides, the low paid workers demonstrate exemplary skills in self-realization no matter the low satisfaction level. The theory of self-realization or self-transcendence forms the basis of the Gita. The theory shows the significance of overcoming obstacles by renouncing egoism (Head 16). Indisputably, people should detach from egos to avoid spoiling their work. The Gita advices people or manager to seek for the divine intervention thus avoids egocentric desires, needs, and passions. Therefore, individuals should establish a work culture to achieve organization goals. Conclusion The Gita provides an important message to managers in handling the human situation. Sri Krishna has opted for inspiration actions to motivate and justify the aspects of self-confidence. This marked the victory of ethical action because the words used were encouraged strength and self-confidence. For instance, when Arjuna stood to fight, Sri Krishna offered the best advice that encouraged an intense action for the benefit of the society not individual gain. This was a victory of dharma as Arjunas action was for the good of the society. Based on this article, it is evident that the Indian society values the Gita. Therefore, the managers should use Sri Krishnas advice to avoid the temporary failures and actions. Works Cited Aggrarwal, Ashok. The Teachings and Lessons of Gita and its Relevance to the Modern. Speakingtree.In, 21 May 2014. https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/the-teachings-and-lessons-of-gita-and-its-relevance-to-the-modern-management-and-corporate-world. Accessed 10 May 2017. Aristotle. Nicomachean ethic. London, England: Penguin Classics, 2004. Bhatnagar, Ankur. Management and Business Ethics through Indian Scriptures and Traditions. Management Paradise, 13 February 2012. Bhattacharjee, Anondo. Modern Management Through Ancient Indian Wisdom: Towards a More Sustainable Paradigm. Business Ethics, vol. 6, no. 1, Mar-Aug 2011, pp. 15-37. Bhattathiri, M. P. Management and the Bhagavad Gita. Quality Insider, 26 September 2006. https://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/quality-insider-article/management-and-embhagavad-gitaem#. Accessed 12 May 2017. Bhawuk, Dharm P.S. Spirituality and Indian Psychology: Lessons from the Bhagava-Gita, Springer, 2011. Cornelissen, Matthijs, Girishwar Misra, and Suneet Varma. Foundations of Indian Psychology. Delhi: Pearson, 2011. Easwaran, Eknath. The Bhagavad Gita. Nilgiri Press, 2007. Faustino, Horacio C., Ana C. Kaizeler, and Rafael J. Marques. The Ethics of a Globalized World: A Universal Ethics? Working Papers, WP 20/2009/DE/SOCIUS. Head, Tom. The Absolute Beginner's Guide to the Bible. Indianapolis, IN: Que Publishing, 2005. Information Resources Management Association. Business Law and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. 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