Week 5 Short Paper Business Strategies free essay sample

Theoretical This short paper will look at multidomestic and transnational business systems utilizing McDonalds, Coca Cola, and Disney to exhibit the two methodologies. The paper will finish up with figuring out which technique is best for the organization Trader Joe’s; the organization utilized for Global Business Management’s last undertaking. Week 5 Short Paper: Business Strategies This short paper will look at multidomestic and transnational business procedures utilizing McDonalds, Coca Cola, and Disney to show the two methodologies. As huge item fabricating associations proceed to extend and develop universally, their worldwide arrive voluntarily acquire their items to purchasers those areas. Moving into these nations accompanies a move in business procedure with an end goal to execute a fruitful selling effort. Two instances of these techniques are multidomestic and transnational organizations. Organizations that follows a multidomestic technique accommodates its items to every nation where they direct business. In addition, the association builds up an assortment of generally free working auxiliaries, every one of which centers around a particular residential market (Ireland, Hoskisson, Hitt, 2008, p. We will compose a custom paper test on Week 5 Short Paper: Business Strategies or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 169). The nation’s most famous burger chain, McDonalds is an ideal case of the multidomestic methodology. McDonald’s has a worldwide nearness that spreads across 119 nations every single occupied mainland. McDonalds’ has turned the home of Le Cordon Bleu cooking foundations and Michelin Guide of world-eminence eateries into its second most beneficial market on the planet. The chain has in excess of 1200 eateries in France. Every one of the areas in France are privately claimed. McDonald’s development rate is 30 cafés every year (Fancourt, Lewis, Majka, 2012). McDonald’s explores each country’s nearby traditions and nourishments before settling on the bearing for their menu and opening of stores. For instance, the café areas in India don't sell sandwiches made with meat. This is expected to India’s culture where bovines are seen as sacrosanct. Another case of this system is utilized by a notable amusement park that has effectively ventured into Tokyo and France among different nations. This notable amusement park is as a matter of fact Disney Magic Kingdom. The move into France required an examination of France’s culture. The recreation center obliges France’s nearby traditions. The amusement park rides are custom fitted to the flavors of the European people group. At the point when the amusement park at first opened, business endured because of the new culture. Extra examination was led to guarantee a superior comprehension of the way of life and to make sure about progress. Disney Hong Kong utilized the accompanying investigation to decide the suggestions to designing and planning esteem chains. Advertising and deals was one zone broke down. Notice was conveyed through the papers and informal exchange of its clients. Extraordinary occasions for celebrations and events, for example, Chinese New Year and joint advancement with nearby attractions. Imports from Tokyo Disneyland combined with utilizing Hong Kong originator Vivienne Tam to structure the Chinese outfit for the characters. From a human asset point of view, Asian workers were enrolled. This helped the joblessness issues in Asia. Disney University was utilized to situate and prepare staff (Thinking Made Easy, 2010). In addition, Disney gain from botches, center around the nearby networks, and in this way diminish their misfortune, benefit, and increment participation yearly. Transnational procedure is utilized by organizations that sell items in various nations over the world. This technique varies in the strategy the item is advertised in every nation. The item keeps up progression regardless of which nation it is being sold. The item respectability stays flawless and isn't altered by neighborhood customs or inclination. Coca Cola, a notable soda organization is an extraordinary case of a transnational item. Coca Cola’s refreshment mystery formula has not changed in numerous years. Their items are sold in more than 200 nations worldwide and keeps up a similar drink plan in every nation. The container name mirrors every nations nearby language; be that as it may, the log and substance looks after coherence (Hartman Media, n. d. ). Dealer Joe’s is the organization utilized in the course’s last undertaking. The procedure utilized for showcasing the organization in Canada is that of multidomestic. The organization will profit by this methodology as it is a claim to fame store whose achievement is based on serving the network with items that offers some universal intrigue in their item contributions. The restrictions will stop by the exploration and connections that will be required for progress. Broker Joe’s one of a kind plan of action is based on their technique of purchasing straightforwardly from both nearby and worldwide little sellers. Taking everything into account, an organization like Trader Joe’s, who has keep up progress with savvy, very much arranged business systems corresponding to development, will be exhorted in my last paper to venture into Canada utilizing the multidomestic business procedure. Building associations with neighborhood sellers to buy items will be basic to their prosperity.

Suggested market strategy for Nandos restaurant chain

Recommended showcase technique for Nandos eatery network It is an individual report laying out a recommended showcasing methodology, concentrating in detail on one of the objective markets, for the future advertising course of the picked organisation(NANDOS) in managing the issues and issues distinguished. It depends on the swot and twos investigation done on nandos. As per the previous research done on nandos the detailing of fitting points and targets and fundamentally conversation of the vital decisions is finished. Recognizable proof and conversation of the picture and situating technique is additionally done which is portrayed by a strategic advertising plan, talking about in detail any significant showcasing blend action. The swot examination and showcasing blend plans of its rivals is depicted. The point is to focus on showcasing methodologies as opposed to concentrating on more extensive corporate key administration issues. The principle focal point of this task is on building up a suitable strategic showcasing blend plan for a suggested procedure and exhibiting proof of more extensive research and perusing. Nandos is one of the quickest developing eatery network with a portugese/Mozambique topic. Nandos is known as the home of amazing flame broiled peri chicken. Nandos was conceived in 1987.earlier it was named as chicken land, yet was renamed again after its author Mr. Fernando Duarte. Begun in Southern Johannesburg, South Africa with a Portuguese/Mozambican subject. It was framed by two companions Fernando Duarte and Robert Broz in africa. It has claim to fame of new blazed flame broil chicken spiced with Periphery sauce, indigenous Its development can be seen with the way that there are around 700 cafés in 29 nations. It propelled its first eatery in UK in 1992 and now has more than 200 Nandos in here. . Capacities It is a café devoted to individuals with a hankering forever, individuals who love to chuckle and exist to eat. At Nandos we have confidence in our fire flame broiled Periphery Chicken, we accept its the best on the planet. Taste the just one of its sort embodiment and fire of our Periphery chicken which is just one of its sort. Nandos is of the best café network on the planet as it vows to offer a world class chicken involvement with sensible costs with unfailing quality, worth and commitment to its shoppers. Human Resource Team: Nandos prior known as chickenland started from South Africa.It is chain of chicken cafés, which showed up in the UK in 1992. Nandos has around 137 cafés with a staff of 2,000 and a HR group of 30. Every café has a group of two pals who are accountable for HR office . (http://www.nandos.com) Nandos the board centers around giving inviting and brief administrations to customers.It additionally centers around setting a solid accentuation on staff inspiration, accepting that upbeat representatives are the way to give great client assistance. Each eatery supervisor is known as a Patraos meaning Portuguese for leader of the family. Zone directors are known as MDs and every ha a pleasant financial plan to hold gatherings and days out for staff.The the board is viewed as significant in running the eateries. Account Nandos has been developing as an eatery at a fast rate.it has around 700 restaurants in around 29 nations with the working benefits of about $140 million. iIt was propelled in the UK and Ireland itself in 1992 and now has 217 cafés here, all legitimately claimed and operated.Whereas in its starting nation i.e South Africa,it has around 250 outlets which are establishments. The greater part of its different markets are populated by establishments. (Business Times Online, UK) One of the most significant showcasing instrument is 7 ps of promoting: 7 Ps of MARKETING: 7 ps of showcasing incorporate physical proof, place, value, item, procedure, advancement and individuals. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: Nandos prominence could be handily decided by glancing through its continuous expanding areas around the globe.Its roots can be seen in practically all developing countries. It is spread in around 31 nations which include: Australia, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Botswana, Canada, Cyprus, Fiji, India, Ireland, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Namibia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Singapore, South Africa, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Nandos is doing amazingly acceptable and spreading its spreading quick around the world. . Spot: Spot is reffered as the areas around the globe.It targets depicting the absolute number of outlets. Nandos is situated in around 31 nations with in excess of 700 cafés is as yet developing quickly. Cost Entrance evaluating: It depends on keeping the contribution low evaluated to get the most extreme piece of the overall industry Rivalry evaluating:- In this the attention on cost is less as analyzed toâ non value competitionâ items, for example, area and administration Mental valuing:- This is advertise based methodology where the client mind is strongly influenced. Item Nandos Product portfolio principally involves fire barbecued Periphery chicken which is the primary focal point of customers.The chicken is primarily served in quarters,halves and wholes. Cold beverages, shakes, ice tea , starter are additionally served at an ostensible cost. Nandos likewise serves burgers, pitas, plates of mixed greens, wings and wraps. In certain nations, Nandos sells chicken livers, Espetada (an enormous remain with a stick of chicken bosom and flame broiled peppers) and the Cataplana (a chicken and rice dish served in a conventional Portuguese copper dish). (www.nandos.com) It likewise makes a scope of sauces which incorporate Peri-Peri sauces, marinades, cooking sauces and a Peri-Peri Essence. (www.nandos.com). Procedure Stunning taste with nourishment - The chicken furnished is lower in fat with extraordinary taste and high on protein. Newly arranged Premium chicken are chosen for Nandos. At that point they are cut back for abundance excess and marinated in Peri-Peri sauce for 24 hours for the astonishing taste. Exciting Grilling Chicken is appropriately barbecued exposed on an open fire bringing about lower cholesterol and fat. Furthermore, is treated on client inclination like lemon and herb, mellow or extra hot Peri-Peri. Utilizations 100% common fixings and no additives, flavors, hues and no additional MSG. Advancement 360â ° limited time procedures are utilized. For winning prizes and limits scratch cards are provided when a request is set on different combo feast. Extraordinary offers like worth suppers offer more prominent incentive for cash for the client Individuals Agreeable and brief administrations to clients. Suitable relational abilities, fitness, and administration information. Responsiveness, dependability, affirmation, sympathy are the KRAs Changing the exchange an incentive to the client life time esteem. Tasks Nandos is known for its mind-boggling staff. They give their best to make it a lifetime experience for the clients. I talked with some group to decide about their encounters in nandos and as per the individuals it was perhaps the best café experience for them. Most popular for its peri-peri chicken which is truly mouth watering. Regardless of whether the café is occupied the request put comes to you in under 10 - 15 minutes. Not at all like different eateries the staff collaborates as opposed to irritating the visitors. A standout amongst other part about nandos is that it has choices for veggie lover individuals too.There are a few assortments of choices to browse cakes and different sweets estimated between  £2 to  £3.The administration is snappy and superb. One can look over changed assortments of menu. So nandos could be a lifetime and heavenly experience for the individuals. Contender ANALYSIS Situating OF COMPETITORS: MC DONALDS It positions itself as the pioneer in snappy assistance eateries. So as to look after predominance, they market to a more youthful arrangement of people, much similarly that our Im Lovin It battle does. KFC KFC enterprise positions itself as the universes most famous chicken eatery network, having some expertise in extra fresh seared chicken, Twister and Colonels Crispy Strips chicken with home style thoughts which are unique in relation to other people SWOT MATRIX OF McDonalds Here are some significant strengths,weakness,oppurtunities and dangers of mc donalds are depicted. Qualities McDonalds is considered as a market chief in both the residential and global markets. It has a proficient food readiness style that follows the procedure in a precise manner The food is modest and bunches of assortment is accessible. Shortcomings High leasing cost and high fixed expense. Value rivalry with the contenders bringing about low income. There is absence of item development as a similar menu is being utilized from quite a while. Openings It can adjust to the requirements of the social orders and experience a creative product offering McDonalds still has plans for progressively global development. Dangers The companys forceful global extension. Outside money vacillation as it utilizes standard valuing for its food things. SWOT ANALYSIS OF KFC Qualities KFC has solid trademark plans. Positions most noteworthy among every single chicken eatery for its benefit and menu assortment. Dissemination methodology. Shortcomings Conceded powerlessness to offer quality assistance. Absence of information about their clients. Clashes among KFC and PepsiCo societies. Openings Abroad development with the quick financial development. Refreshing cafés. Dangers Expanding wage rates straightforwardly influence menu costs. Changing client requests. BRAND AUDIT KFC McDonalds Brand picture Basin chicken, wings of chicken, their mascot Chicken burgers, cone frozen yogurt, Ronald What is your observation towards the client Appreciate Crispy Chicken Experienced assistance which is the business standard. Jobs these brand play in your life Worldwide Appeal Worldwide intrigue with offering best assistance in industry What is the purpose behind going there To have chicken served A multi cheap food decision Level of mindfulness High High PESTLE Pestle is a shortened form for the variables that ought to be comprehended by a com

15 Good Questions Jobseekers Should Ask in Interviews

15 Good Questions Jobseekers Should Ask in Interviews When going on a job interview, most jobseekers tend to mentally and emotionally prepare themselves for a battering, expecting something like the Spanish inquisition the moment they sit face to face with the interviewer.In all likelihood, they’d have gone through a long list of the possible questions that they will be asked, carefully crafting winning answers, and rehearsing them alone in front of the mirror, or with someone else. And then they head to the interview, ready to answer questions.And so the interview takes place. It starts out smoothly, and the applicant is elated that the questions he had anticipated are being asked. Needless to say, he was able to provide answers that he thought were more than acceptable to the interviewer. As the interview was drawing to a close, the interviewer suddenly asked, “Do you have any questions for me?”The applicant is stumped. He had no questions. He was not prepared for it. He did not even think of asking any questions. So he said he had none. After all, isn’t that the best thing to do? Asking questions of his own may work against him, and he might lose his shot at landing the job if he appears to be too curious.Well, guess what, with that line of thinking, you may have just lost your opportunity to get that job anyway. © Shutterstock.com | pathdocIn this guide, we explore 1) why to ask  questions during the job interview and 2) the most helpful questions you should ask the interviewer.WHY ASK QUESTIONS?Just because you are the applicant and the other person seated across the table from you is the interviewer does not mean that he gets to ask all the questions, and you are there simply to answer them. A job interview is supposed to be a conversation, where the interview will probe into your thoughts and ideas, and get to know you. Therefore, you, too, should ask questions, and they should be the right questions, too.There are several reasons why you should ask questions during the interview.Asking questions will show the interviewer your level of interest and commitment in the company, specifically on getting that job in the company. If you do not ask any questions, this means that you really couldn’t care less about the place that you are aiming to work at, and your sole focus is to get a job th at pays you money. Keep in mind that companies are interested to employ people who are just as, or even more, interested in them or the job opportunity presented to them.Asking questions is one way of showing how prepared you are. Employers appreciate job candidates that take the initiative to do their own research. If you ask the right questions, you can prove to them that you did your research, and you simply require some clarification on several key points. This gives them an insight on how you will be as an employee should they eventually hire you for the position.Asking questions will help the jobseeker gain confirmation whether he truly wants to work with the employer or not. It will be easier to make a decision in the event that he aces the job interview and the job is offered to him. It is possible that, during the course of the interview, by asking his own questions about the organization, the candidate may realize that his philosophies and values do not match that of the o rganization. When he sent in his resume to apply for the job, he may have had certain expectations about the job, the duties and responsibilities that come with it, and even of the work environment. When he asked questions to confirm those expectations, it turns out that they were not at all what he thought. As a result, he may decide not to pursue his application to the company. This is actually a good thing, since he just saved himself from experiencing job dissatisfaction if he gets employed in the company and his expectations are not met.Asking the interviewer questions will prove that you are truly “present” in that moment. Asking for clarifications will prove that you were listening and paying attention while he was talking. Many jobseekers dread, and even fear, job interviews so much, their anxiety distracts them, so they cannot concentrate. That is why, when the interviewer asks if he has any questions, he promptly answers “no”, just so the interview will be over, an d he can get out of the room.Asking questions, especially the right ones, can help you ascertain whether your qualifications fit the requirements of the position. You may already have an idea whether your skills and qualifications make you a match for the position just be reading the job description in the posting or advertisement, but it does not hurt to gain confirmation from the interviewer. This will certainly boost your confidence further, allowing you to end the interview on a high and positive note. NOW, ON TO THE QUESTIONS ANY JOBSEEKER SHOULD ASK IN INTERVIEWS…Q1 Why is this position available?You should try finding out why the job was vacant in the first place, since the answer may provide indications of possible problems or issues within the organization. Other jobseekers also use this question to find out what happened to the last person who held the position.If the position is new, and it was created to fill the need for additional manpower due to, say, expansion of b usiness operations, then there is no problem. It is actually a very good sign, since it means that the organization is growing, and anyone would definitely want to work in a company that has a bright future.If the vacant position had a previous jobholder, you may follow it up with a question on why the former employee holding the job is no longer in that position. You would not have to worry if it is because the previous jobholder was promoted to a higher position, or was transferred to another department where his skills are more needed. If he was promoted, then it means that the position offers good opportunities for advancement.What if the interviewer tells you that the previous jobholder resigned and left the company? You may ask further on the reasons behind the resignation. It is possible that the employee had problems with the job, or with the people he worked with.Q2 Who does this position answer to?Who will be your boss or supervisor? This is essentially what you want to kn ow. It is very important, since that will be the person who is likely to take you under his wing and train you, and he will also be the one to evaluate your performance.When asking this question, pose it with the assurance that you will be hired for the position. You are sending the message that you are looking forward to being a part of the organization, and you want to know who your supervisor will be, or who you will be answerable to.This will also show the interviewer how cognizant you are of authority and command responsibility, and that you have no problems being answerable or accountable to someone who is a superior. An employee that has difficulty taking orders from a supervisor or a boss is not someone that employers want in their organization.Q3 What can you tell me about the department/unit/team/people that I will be working with?You can continue your inquiry by asking for information about the team or department that you will be working with. How many people are in the c ompany? In the department? In the unit or team where the job is?This will give you a rough idea of what you will be exposed to on a daily basis. If you are an introverted type, and are uncomfortable being around a lot of people for prolonged periods, and the interviewer tells you that you’ll practically be surrounded by large groups the whole time, then you may factor that into your decision on whether to work with the company or not.This will demonstrate an interest on the people with whom you will be closely working with on a daily or regular basis. Being curious about your co-workers will signify your acceptance of being a part of a group, or of being a team player, and that is what interviewers are looking for: employees who can be outstanding members of the organization.Just like question #2, phrase this question as if you are sure that you will get the job.Q4 What are the most important skills and experiences of the person who does this job?You are essentially probing on the skills and experiences that, in the eyes of the interviewer or employer, make an ideal candidate for the job you are applying for. This is where the interviewer will tell you exactly what qualifications and skills he is looking for in the person that will be hired to perform the functions of the job.Take mental notes of his answer. It is possible that he will mention details that you missed or were not able to incorporate into your answers when it was the interviewer asking you. If, among the information that he provides, you find an opportunity to make your case stronger, then do so. Your objective in asking this question is to position yourself to become that “ideal candidate” that they are looking for.Q5 Can you give me more details about the responsibilities of the job?This is your opportunity to ask details that were not included in the job description that was released when the vacancy was posted or advertised. You may ask about the kind or level of authority that comes w ith the position.This is a way for you to further assess whether you are, indeed, qualified for the job. Based on the job description, you may have decided that you are a match. However, some of the responsibilities that will be mentioned by the interviewer when you ask this question might cause you to do a double-take.In contrast, the answer of the interviewer may bolster your conviction that you are the best person for the job, and you can proceed to explaining why you think that way.Q6 How do people grow in this job?Ask about the opportunities for growth that the company can offer to its employees, and with the job you are applying for in particular. Do they encourage continuing education to their employees? Does the company offer professional training?You will accomplish two things in asking this question. First, you will be able to show the interviewer your thirst for knowledge, and how determined you are to continue to grow as a professional, and as a member of the organizatio n.The second thing is that the answer to the question will give you an idea of the direction that your career is likely to take when you are employed in the company. If the interviewer is unable to readily answer you, it could warn you early that the company does not really put a high priority in providing such opportunities to its employees. Then you may start questioning yourself whether you really want to work with this company, or find another one that will look more kindly to your pursuit of professional growth.You may also make this question to learn how employees get promoted in the organization. The interviewer may provide you a rough picture how the company’s merit and promotion plan is implemented.This is how you get promoted! Q7 How do you define success in the organization?Another way to ask this question is “How is success in this job measured by the organization?” Both questions aim to gain an insight on what the business considers to be so important, it signifie s the success of the organization.Businesses measure and define success in different ways. Stephen Haines named five key success measures, and they are financial viability (profitability), customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, contribution to society and key operational results.John Crossman of Crossman Company says that the answer will also be indicative of what the company expects from its employees. In effect, you, the candidate will know the company’s expectations of you once you get the job. Ask this question, and you are pretty much implying to the interviewer that you are interested to find out how you can make yourself a success when you are with the company, and how you can help in ensuring that the organization achieve success.Q8 What is the biggest problem or challenge that the organization is facing, and how may I help in solving it?Already, you are picturing yourself as a member of the organization, and you are already thinking of how you can contribute. That is good. Some may say that this is being too presumptuous, but most interviewers will look at it as you being forward-looking and focused.By doing so, you are creating a picture in the mind of the interviewer, and that is of you already in the company, in that position, performing its duties and responsibilities, and pulling your weight in helping out. You want him to look at you and think, “Oh, he is definitely going to be a great help if we hire him”.Q9 When and how is feedback given to employees?Employees that welcome feedback on their performance are employees that will, without a doubt, become great assets of the organization. This means that they pay attention to their performance, and how it is viewed by superiors and peers, and so they are more inclined to improve and become better and more productive.Inquire on how you will be measured, or how your performance will be rated or evaluated.Q10 What are the most challenging aspects of the job?You want to know what you will be in for when you are hired for the position. Ask about the biggest challenge, or the most challenging aspects if there are more than one or two, that will be encountered by the person in that position.This is another way of getting a better picture of the job. It is one thing to enumerate the duties and responsibilities of the job; it is another thing to name the biggest bumps or hurdles that will be faced by the jobholder. The answer of the interviewer will prepare you for when you are eventually hired because, on the first day, you have already been told what to expect.When the interviewer tells you what those challenges are, you have just been presented a wonderful opportunity to sell yourself better. You have to listen carefully to his answer, so you can better explain how you will tackle those challenges once you are hired.This is also a question in aid of your decision to pursue this application. If you are the type of person to thrive on challenges, and the interviewer tel ls you that the job does not have any major challenge and can be boring, you’d probably rethink accepting the job offer if presented to you.Q11 What are your future plans for this job?You want to have a job that has a future. You want to grow with the job, earn as much experience as you can. Therefore, you should ask about the future plans of the company for the job. Will the jobholder be made to handle more tasks or projects in the future? Will the job description be expanded?What if the interviewer tells you that they have no definite plans for the job? Then you may worry that you won’t have opportunities for career advancement, and end up working in uncertain conditions. This will, obviously, affect your decision-making when you are offered the job.Q12 What is your favorite part about working here?One of the mistakes that applicants make during the interview process is looking at the interviewer simply as a representative of the company, asking the requisite questions. They s ee the interviewer as someone they have to impress with their answers and convince to rate them positively so they will get the job. Often, they tend to forget that the interviewer may also be an employee of the company, or have been working in the organization for a long time.Obviously, this question is applicable only when the interviewer is a part of the organization and not an outside recruiter hired by the company to carry out the recruitment process. If you are not sure, ask the interviewer about it. Once you have confirmed that the interviewer is also an employee, or even a member of senior management, then you can proceed to asking him what he enjoys the most about working in that company.His answer will help you find out if the company is, indeed, somewhere that you would want to work. Watch the expression on his face when he answers. If there is the smallest hint of hesitation, it could mean that he is not entirely happy working in the company. If you notice that he has a hard time coming up with an answer, then you’d probably want to reconsider your decision to want to work there.The interviewer will definitely appreciate that you have taken an interest in him on a personal level. He is also likely to see this as an indication that you will be able to easily get along with other co-workers.Q13 Is there any reason I may not be a good fit for the job?At this point in the recruitment process, you may be a bundle of nerves and trying not to show it. You don’t know your current ranking among the pool of applicants, and you are not entirely sure whether you are the frontrunner, or even in the running, for the position. Therefore, you should ask this question, instead of asking outright if you have a fighting chance at landing the job.Basically, you would want to know how your background measures up to the requirements of the position. Admittedly, it takes a lot of grit and balls to come right out and ask the interviewer if he has any apprehensions or hesitations about your qualifications, or why he may think that you are not the right candidate for the position.However, when delivered correctly, with courtesy and just the right amount of sincere curiosity, you have greater chances of scoring high in the interviewer’s books. This demonstrates a strong character, and shows how confident you are in what you bring to the table.If you ask this question, you are potentially asking the interviewer to point out your flaws and shortcomings. Again, this is another brave thing to do, to be able to sit there and listen as the interviewer tells you why you may fall short of what they want. You should also take this opportunity to clear up misunderstandings or misconceptions, just in case his hesitation stems from vague information written on your resume.Whatever you do, however, do not be hostile or antagonistic. Take whatever he has to say in stride, and show how professional you can be, even in the face of criticism.Q14 What is the next step in the recruiting process?Smart interviewees will pose this as one of their last questions, and its purpose is to show the interviewer that they want to know where to go from here. They want to move the recruitment process along so they can be hired immediately and get to work right away. But frame the question in such a way that does not sound like you are bulldozing the interviewer into rushing or moving things forward.If you’re lucky, the interviewer may also give you an idea how many other candidates are in the running for the same position.Q15 If I don’t hear from you within the period you indicated, may I call you?At the end of the interview, the interviewer may tell you when he will get in touch with you, and how. If he doesn’t, or he does but you find the information lacking, do not hesitate to ask. For assurance, ask him if you may be the one to contact him when the period he specified lapses without you hearing anything from him.Save yourself from stressing out, sitting beside the phone, waiting for that call telling you that you will move on to the next step in the recruitment process. The waiting period is always the hard part, and it wastes a lot of time. So ask right out if you can follow up, instead of doing the waiting game for an indefinite period of time.There is nothing wrong with asking this question. In fact, you will be demonstrating how sincere you are in your interest in being a part of the organization. Just make sure you ask politely, without sounding pushy and distrustful. Of course, if he agrees, ask for his contact details.One thing that you should never forget when interviewing for jobs is that the interviewer expects you to ask questions. You may think that it is safer not to ask any questions, but you may just be unwittingly throwing a great opportunity away.

The Cuban Missile Crisis During World War II - 1350 Words

Following the events of World War II, in 1945 the United States and the Soviet Union entered a state of tension due to disagreements between the two countries during the war. With the United States being a capitalist nation and the Soviet Union being a communist nation, friction easily escalated into The Cold War which resulted in intense competition for many years after. The United States greatly feared the spread of communism beginning with the first Red Scare during World War I and adopted the containment policy after the second Red Scare to prevent further spread of communism. Tensions peaked at an all-time high during John F. Kennedy’s presidency, (1961-1963) along with the Soviet leadership of Nikita Khrushchev and the Nuclear Arms†¦show more content†¦resulting in state diplomats being prompted to speak with the Latin American countries on prevention of spreading Cuba’s communist revolution (Weaver 2014, 142). The Cuban uprising caused great distress for the U.S. in preventing communist revolutions which had originally initiated the Red Scare because the United States had been monitoring Soviet relations with Cuba for many years prior. International tensions eventually peaked between 1961 and 1962 amongst the United States, Soviet Union and Cuba. With the U.S. being at such high alert, the Kennedy administration eventually developed a foundation for multilateral action if conflict ever rose between the U.S. and Cuba (Weaver 2014, 143). Increased alertness had also peaked as the United States entered the Brink of nuclear war that would have been devastating for everyone around the world. As time advanced tensions between the U.S. and USSR escalated bringing heavier weight onto the upcoming Kennedy Administration. When Kennedy entered office, he faced an upcoming crisis with Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev over the city of Berlin. Since World War II, Berlin had been divided for reconstruction between Britain, the United States, and France who occupied West Berlin and the Soviet Union who occupied East Berlin. In June 1961, Khrushchev threatened to take West Berlin under communist rule (Gerdes 2004, 15). Because of this, President Kennedy was forced to

Essay on Platos Euthyphro - 578 Words

Platos Euthyphro One of the most interesting and influential thinkers of all time was Socrates, whose dedication to careful reasoning helped form the basis for philosophy. Socrates applied logical tricks in the search for the truth. Consequently, his willingness to call everything into question and his determination to accept nothing less than an accurate account of the nature of things made him one of the first people to apply critical philosophy. Although he was well known for his philosophical ways of thinking, Socrates never wrote anything down, so we are dependent on his students, like Plato, for any detailed knowledge of his methods or ways of thinking. One of the early dialogues†¦show more content†¦Euthyphro is supposed to provide a general definition that captures the very basic nature of what piety is. Euthyphro claims that he knows what it is to be pious, but every answer he offers is subjected to the full force of Socrates critical thinking. Socrates systematically refut es Euthyphros suggestion that what makes right actions right is that the gods love, or approve of them. First, there is the problem that since questions of right and wrong often create endless disputes, the gods are likely to disagree among themselves about moral matters just as often as we do, making some actions both right and wrong. Socrates lets Euthyphro off the hook on this one by agreeing with him, but only for purposes of continuing the discussion. More importantly, Socrates instigates a formal problem for Euthyphro from a deceivingly simple question, Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods? Neither choice can do the justice for which Euthyphro intends his definition of piety. If right actions are pious only because the gods love them, then moral rightness is completely optional, depending only on the impulses of the gods. But if the gods love right actions only because they are already right, then there must be some non-divine source of values, which we might come to know separately from theirShow MoreRelatedIn PlatoS Euthyphro, Socrates And Euthyphro Discuss The1734 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato s Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the nature of piety. Euthyphro first proposed that piety is that which the gods love. His proposal was quickly objected by Socrates though, since the gods often disputed amongst themselves and therefore what one loves can be what another hates. Euthyphro then revised his hypothesis to say that piety is that which the gods love unanimously and for the moment this was their conclusion. This definition however, that piety is what the gods love unanimouslyRead MoreThe Incompleteness of Platos Euthyphro Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Incompleteness of Platos Euthyphro The Euthyphro, like other Platonic dialogues, seeks to uncover the definition of a virtue. In its case, the virtue is piety. In the end, the dialogue fails to uncover this definition, rendering an impression of incompleteness. On account of the dialogues dual effect -- the presentation of Socrates spirit as well as the Greeks inability to define piety -- explanations for its incompleteness often place too much emphasis on Socrates and, as a resultRead MoreDifferent Definitions of the Word Pious Depicted in Platos Socratic Dialog Euthyphro1249 Words   |  5 PagesPlatos Socratic dialog Euthyphro is in many ways archetypal of the sort of philosophy that Socrates is thought to have been interested in. In it (as in most classic Socratic dialogs), Socrates seeks out a person who claims to have a certain sort of knowledge. He then proceeds to show that these experts do not possess this knowledge by getting them to contradict themselves. With this in mind, I will discuss the three defini tions of the word pious that the character Euthyphro gives to SocratesRead MorePlato’s Euthyphro829 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Plato’s Euthyphro Pamela Gaither PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning Instructor: Constance Dolecki 10/14/13 In the Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro discuss the concept of piety/holiness. This essay will not only test my ability to recognize and engage philosophical concepts and analysis, but also brings me into the dialogue as a participant, asking me to create my own definition of holiness. I explain how the concept of holiness emerges in the dialogue and why it takes a prominentRead MoreThe Definition of Piety in Platos Euthyphro1311 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Definition of Piety in Euthyphro Introduction Platos Euthyphro introduces the Socratic student both to the Socratic Method of inquiry and to, or at least towards, a definition of piety. Because the character of Euthyphro exits the dialogue before Socrates can arrive at a reasonable definition, an adequate understanding of piety is never given. However, what piety is not is certainly demonstrated. Euthyphro gives three definitions of piety that fail to mean much to Socrates, who refutesRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s The Euthyphro 1723 Words   |  7 Pagesdisciple, Aristotle, Plato set the groundworks of Western philosophy and science amid dialogues such as Apology, Euthyphro, Republic and Laws. These dialogues provided some of the earliest handlings of political inquiries from a philosophical viewpoint. In the Euthyphro, Plato composes a dialogue that transpires in 399 BC, weeks before the hearing of Socrates, for which Socrates and Euthyphro try to determine an absolute meaning for the word â€Å"piety† also known as ho liness. To enable the comprehensionRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory1237 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst this theory is known as the Euthyphro Dilemma, derived from Plato’s account of Socrates questioning Euthyphro about the determinant of piety, albeit in relation to the polytheistic Greek system of belief. In this account, Socrates asks if â€Å"†¦the gods love actions because they are pious, or are actions pious because the gods love them?† This inquiry can also obviously be applied to the modern, monotheistic interpretation of the Divine Command Theory. As Euthyphro struggles to answer the questionRead MoreEuthyphro, by Plato886 Words   |  4 Pagesleaves a significant impact on humanity. Most of all, it is methodologies of attaining this knowledge that makes him so mesmerizing. This methodology is referred to as Socratic irony, in literature. In any case, I will introduce the argument that Platos Euthyphro is extremely indicative of this type of methodology, for the reason being that: Socratess portrays a sense of intellectual humility. I will begin by, imposing the distinction between Socratic irony, and the one that is more familiar. AsRead MoreEuthyphro And Plato Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pages In two distinct works of Plato, he attempts to determine the good and explaining it so others can also understand it the way he does. The Euthyphro aims at determining the definition of piety through a dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates in order to come to a clear understanding through a thought out conversation. Similarly in the Republic, Plato utilizes three specific analogies to best convey the likeness, the levels, and the journey to reaching the highest good. The sun analogy, the dividedRead MorePlato : The Trial And Death Of Socrates1107 Words   |  5 PagesPlato: The Trial and Death of Socrates Euthyphro In Platos Euthyphro, Euthyphro is surprised to see Socrates at the courthouse because he doesnt seem like the kind of person that should be anywhere around a courthouse. They both discuss why Socrates is there in which he tells Euthyphro that he is being indicted by Meletus for corrupting the youth because he does not believe in the old gods of Athens and makes up new gods. Socrates goes on by telling Euthyphro his issue is not if he is being laughed

Pavlov Theory - Conditioned Response Essay - 1131 Words

Pavlov Theory - Conditioned Response A commonly heard word within psychology is â€Å"conditioning†, where does it come from and what does it mean? Conditioning is simply a form of learning, specifically learning through association. Conditioning is used in many experiments as I will discuss later. Classical conditioning was stumbled upon by accident by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. After he earned his medical degree in 1882 he spent many years studying the digestive system of many animals. By the year 1904 Pavlov had won the Nobel Prize for all of his research in that field. While studying the digestive system he had a dog strapped down with a harness, and fed it different types of food. While doing this he had a tube that was†¦show more content†¦There are a few principles of learning which can take place, they are acquisition, extinction, generalization, and discrimination. Acquisition is the term used for learning. This means that the animal does not learn within seconds, it takes a couple of pairings for it to learn to associate them as a singe event. To achieve acquisition to the maximum potential the food should come within one second of the bell or other stimulus. Another principle of conditioning is extinction. This is when the stimulus is not followed by a response, would the dog continue to salivate if a bell is rung but no food was put in front of him? The answer is no it would not, because it would have now re-learned to have no response simply because no response is known to that stimulus. One understanding within extinction is that it is not gone forever, meaning that if at a later time the dog was returned to the harness and had the bell rung with food given immediately after, it would then relearn to respond to only the bell within much less time than the first session. This bounce back effect is known as spontaneous recovery. The third principle of conditioning is generalization. Generalization is when the dog responded to a different bell with a similar tone yet not identical. The most well known example of generalization is the boy known as little Albert. Little Albert was condition to fear a harmless rat by psychologist JohnShow MoreRelatedPavlov s Stimulus Substitution Theory994 Words   |  4 PagesPavlov s Stimulus Substitution Theory focused on the nature of the conditioned response (CR), and proposed that conditioning enables the conditioned stimulus (CS) to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus (US) therefore the CR and the unconditioned response (UR) were the same response (Chance, 2013). According to Chance (2013), Pavlov s explained his theory in terms of physiology, proposing an innate neural connection allows the US to elicit the UR. However, during conditioningRead MoreRunning Head : Man s Best Friend939 Words   |  4 Pagesand personalities. Ivan Pavlov didn’t ha ve a particular fondness for dogs, but little did he know that through his experimentation with dogs and their neurological reflexes, he was going to reveal the similarities of conditioning abilities within animals and humans. There were many people that influenced Pavlov and lead him on to experimenting with classical conditioning in dogs. One of Pavlov’s main influences was Charles Darwin. Darwin was a scientist who had many theories he was known for but oneRead MoreEssay on Ivan Petrovich Pavlov1451 Words   |  6 PagesProfile of Ivan Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in the village of Ryazan, Russia, the son of Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, who was the village priest. Because he was the son of a priest he went to church school and enrolled in a theology seminar. As the son of a preacher Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was going to follow in his father’s footsteps, that was until he read a book by Charles Darwin called â€Å"The Origin of Species† After reading this book Ivan Pavlov dropped out of his theological studies andRead MoreIvan Pavlov s Theory Of The Conditioned Reflex1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthere was a famous Russian physiologist who created the theory of the conditioned reflex. His name was Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Ivan Pavlov conducted a well-known experiment for teaching a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a bell when presented with food. This experiment led Ivan Pavlov to become known for his development on Classical Conditioning, which captured the attention of everyone, especially physiologis t and psychologist. Ivan Pavlov was born September, 14, 1849 in Russia. Ivan Pavlov’sRead MoreEssay Operant Conditioning1743 Words   |  7 PagesIvan Pavlov Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning, It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. WhileRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesOperant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studies learned to associate countless stimuli with the expectationRead MorePavlov, Watson, and Skinner Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagespersonality formation. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory placed the subject of behavior into the forefront of medical study. Freud’s theory brought much criticism and controversy but most importantly; it brought interest to the subject of behavior and personality. This newfound interest caused many young doctors to begin studying how behavior is created. Many new theories would follow Freud’s and forever change the way science views behavior. Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner are three ofRead MoreClassical Conditioning Paper1235 Words   |  5 Pageselicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. In this paper the subject is to describe the theory of classical conditioning as well as describing a scenario in which one could apply classical conditioning theory to, and bring forth the scenario by showing illustrations of how this could be used and applied toward conditioning the subject. The Theory of Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning came to life through the work of Ivan Pavlov whoRead MoreThe Main Characteristics Of Psychological Understanding1614 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the main characteristics of psychological understanding is the approach to the theory of behaviourism. Behaviourism focuses on the action committed by an individual in response to certain situations rather than the thinking done by the individual, in simpler form, ‘the reaction’. Conditioning is a theory introduced by behaviourist, this concept discusses how stimuli’s can generate predictable responses that can be in sequence and repetitive, this contributes to the understanding of how organismRead MoreTheories About Human Behaviour And Its Effects On Human Behavior999 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviours that can be observed include covert behaviours, like thoughts and emotions, and behaviourism can be used to analyse these and then modify them. In the 20th century Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson and Ski nner all played very important roles in the emergence of Behaviourism and helped tear away from other psychology fields. Theories about human behaviour were concluded by experiments on animals and how they interacted with their environment. This then led to different experiments in conditioning behaviour

Bhagavad Gita Relating to Contemporary Business Practices

Question: Discuss about the Bhagavad Gita Relating to Contemporary Business Practices. Answer: Introduction The Holy Gita is significant in the Indian context as Arjuna in the Kurukshetra battlefield preaches it. These teaching counsels from this Holy Gita have formed the foundation of the management tactics that helps the Indians to overcome crisis and achieve mental equilibrium (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 42). The Bhagavadi Gita is a catalyst for transformation. Without a doubt, management is part of human life because it ensures a person assembles management principles and common purpose through different facets, such as finance, management of time, planning, practices, policies, priorities, personnel, resources, and machineries (Bhattathiri 1). Aggrarwal defines management as a systematic approach of putting human efforts in doing activities (1). The Bhagavadi Gita is a revelation from God that provides a complete guide. It raises the consciousness of man top achieve the possible highest level. The Bhagavadi Gita discovers various management principles that are applicable in modern world, as evident in chapter eighteen. The motive Arjuna defines the general management principles that are applicable in different fields. It is evident that effective management can be applied in all organizations thus achieve the set objectives. For instance, an effective manager should focus on human resources development, vision, strategy, and planning formation, establish institutional excellent, and take corrective measures (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 314). The managers are also expected to motivate the workforce. The Bhagavadi Gita is a grand Indian epic that focus on the moral and spiritual teachings. The Gitas ethical teachings seem to mould the Hindus moral consciousness. Interestingly, the Gita unifies different spiritual developments thus create ethical vision. Based on the significance of the Bhagavadi Gita, this article explores and incorporates the ethical practices that are manifested in an Indian business environment (Ranganthananda 436). The Bhagavadi Gita has highlighted the ethical principles and philosophies required in any business environment. According to Malik and Pereira, ethics focus on the moral principles that have defined the standard of behaviour acceptable in an environment (12). The ethics or moral behaviours provide logical justifications and reasoning of anything wrong or good. It thus focuses on principles and values regarding the human conduct. similarly, Mahadevan defines values as moral practices and principles that a group should display thus guide their personal conduct (559). Shankar (1) affirms that ethical behaviour is acceptable principles in governing the moral codes. Based on these ethical principles, there are various approaches that have helped to define them including individualism approach, utilitarian approach, justice approach, and moral rights approach? This approach focuses on how the moral behaviours can produce the best outcome or the greatest good numbers. In this approach, the manager must consider the consequences of any decision on various stakeholders. To this effect, the manager or leader must select the best decision that optimizes the peoples satisfaction. under the utilitarianism approach, the right action would enhance the maximization of social utility (Information Resources Management Association 1217). Ordinarily, people view beneficial results as an ethical consideration. to this effect, utilitarianism defines the ethical phenomena by appealing to the consequences. Therefore, this makes the theory of utilitarianism superior. Under this principle, any action perceived to be moral or ethical should promote an individuals interest in the long-term. Ranganthananda indicates that individuals value the best long-term advantage (432). The individuals thus believe that their advantage is based on the decision goodness. For instance, when an individual pursues self-direction, it becomes possible to accommodate others in similar pursuit of long-term interests (Rao and Paranjpe 9). This theory stipulates that everyone has fundamental liberties and rights that nobody can deny or takeaway. In fact, even individual decisions can never deny them these rights. Based on the Bhawuks findings, the ethical decisions should maintain these rights at all costs (3). The moral rights, therefore, are critical in defining the level of ethical decisions. The approach is unique and critical in defining the human behaviours and actions. According to Mahadevan, the moral decisions should be founded on the standards of fairness, equity, and impartiality. This approach focuses on different types of justice, such as compensatory justice, procedural justice, and distributive justice (Bhawuk 26). The procedural justice calls for fair administration of rule while the distributive justice calls for different treatment of individuals rather than consider the arbitrary characteristics in the administering justice. Under the compensatory justice, individuals are guaranteed compensation for any damage or injuries in the course of administration of justice. To this effect, nobody needs to be held liable for things beyond human control (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 241). These ethics are the standards, norms, and principles that are essential in managing an individual or group. With the growth and globalization experienced in the world economy, companies are stretching their resources to dominate the market. In fact, the government controls over the economy is diminishing thus call for exemplary ethical practices (Rao and Paranjpe 26). The organizational leadership are experiencing ethical problems on how they can manage their organizations by making the best decisions. Kanniappan defines an ethical leader to be an individual whose actions are in tandem with the ethical qualities (14). Without a doubt, ethical practices and principles produce leaders who are ethically upright as they practice acceptable behaviours in the society (Mahadevan 1). In the political and business contexts, ethical practices ensure the managers apply ethical principles in governance on the organizations. This has made the ethical principles to be critical in organizations. these practices ascertain good societal welfare and governance. Similarly, business organizations have expressed concerns regarding the ethical conducts. For instance, recently, businesses are suffering from various scandals thus exposes the level of unethical behaviours among the managers. The ethical practices ensure that the leaders of organizations provide value to stakeholders and shareholders. According to Aristotle, business ethics focus on moral and ethical principles relevant to business environment (62). these set of principles guide the managers in making ethical decisions. The business ethics thus covers various management functions like purchasing, accounting, finance, human resources, marketing, and operations. Today, business ethics have become an increasingly necessary factor. This is because, whenever the management slips, the business would go unethical. Indisputably, unethical business practices have befallen many companies (Aristotle 16). to this effect, it is critical for businesses to establish business ethics programs thus address various aspects of business activities, such as environmental, social responsibility, and ethical, and legal issues (Bhattacharjee 16). by systematically addressing these concerns, companies can easily expand opportunities, growth, and performance thus realizes their objectives. The ethical practices are beneficial to businesses because they help an organization to increase profits, gain competitive position, and enhance image and goodwill. With ethical practices, a firm can also minimize risks and costs, protect its stakeholders, and expand access to foreign investments, credits, and capital. Ethical business practices have become essential in the modern world. This is because; the ethical practices focus on the overall well-being of the society. A leader should be ethical by emphasizing on the benefits of the business. Bhatnagar (1) argues that unethical behaviour have always exposed companies to embarrassing scandals and losses. Faustino, Kaizeler, and Marques maintained that business managers experience numerous ethical issues (14). some of the issues are easy to handle while others have proved complex. For instance, the issues such as fraud and deceit, bribery, stealing, nepotism, information falsification, abuse of public find, quality control, and conflict of interests are among the issues the modern business managers must tackle. The environmental pollution and discrimination has also become a centre of concern. In many Asian countries, including India, have faced the issues on transparency, democracy, and ethical principles thus causing organizational failures. The situation goes beyond the Asian countries because ethical issues are evident even in the American contexts. Based on the findings of Bhattacharjee (25), many Americans view their business executives as fair or poor ethical standards because they have identified various aspects of crimes perpetuated. For instance, the white-collar crime has become a common problem in the United States thus exposes the level of unethical behaviour. in fact, the Americans believe that business leaders are amoral because they hold the ethical practices as inappropriate. For instance, businesses can rarely handle this question of value. Unfortunately, the businesses or managers have not acquired relevant skills that prepare them to address the issues of ethics (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 236). Therefore, the business schools have failed to train ethical managers. Globally, the organizations are struggling to overcome the corporate scandals. For instance, in the United States, the corporate scandals are eminent as they entail WorldCom and Enron where public lost significant investments. In Europe, this situation was never distinct as scandals hit Vivendi and Parmalat companies. In India, the stories of Satyam scandal triggered the public outcry. Based on these unethical practices, the public have thus become responsive, as they demand more answers from the managers. This has ensured that the culture of accountability is instilled, as leaders are held accountable for their actions. In fact, fraud and corruption are unethical practices that confirm the level of evil in the societies. These practices have exposed millions of employees to suffering. Despite the existence of various scandals, the society has emphasized on the ethical principles (Zeyar and Ordo?n?ez 368). Indisputably, different forms of corruption and bribery have proved costly for businesses. managers have to work with other officials to maintain secrete accounts, blackmail, and extortion to survive. Nevertheless, business managers must work with relevant authorities to develop regulatory practices to overcome the unethical practices and promote efficiency and transparency. Nasr has affirmed that business ethics is the only field that can eliminate the unethical behaviours (16). with the business ethics, it is possible for the society to promote transparency, honesty, integrity, fairness, and self-regulation. Each country or region has distinct ethical practices. In fact, even in India, each community exhibit distinct beliefs and culture. The ethical belief diversity calls for customization of ethical practices. For instance, in China, the society believes in Ta oism and Confucianism philosophies (Mahadevan 559). These beliefs have influenced the business practices in the Chinese context. Business Ethics and Indian Culture India is a country that boasts of the best business schools. However, the country has failed to produce the best companies in the world. This is because; the schools have failed to develop students who understand the indigenous management principles like the Gita. Indeed, the Indians are brought up in an environment where family ties are given priority. To this effect, it becomes difficult for such people to adjust and fit in the new environment. For instance, the Indian managers have failed to fit in the American individualistic environment where contractual management style and low-power distance are inevitable (Ura and de Ordo?n?ez 239). The ethical principles are cultural-bound but universal. Muniapan (14) holds that an effective management system is rooted in cultural aspects. each country in Asia has defined its management system based on their individual ethical principles. For instance, the culture of Confucianism has defined the success of management systems in various count ries include Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan. the Indian context of unethical behaviour was evident in the second world war. This is because of the most of the business practices are based on the western ethical principles. indeed, many Indian businesses have underestimated the aspects of eternal ethical values. It is important for the Indian businesses to forego the external ethical practices and embrace their unique characteristics. Many studies on the Indian ethics have provided relevant information on business leadership. For instance, the Vidic literature has highlighted the ancient wisdoms regarding ethical practices (Cornelissen, Misra, and Varma 338). the Bhagavad-Gita is an Indian philosophy that has defined ethical practices in the society. The Indians believe that the Bhagavad-Gita is beyond the Indian context but covers the whole humankind. the teachings of Bhagavad-Gita are critical in the modern management of businesses. the concepts advocated in this principle include motivation, leadership, vision, and attitude towards work (Cornelinssen et al. 354). Bhagavad-Gita also focuses on excellence in work, nature of individuals, achieving goals, decision-making, meaning of work, and planning. According to Bhagavad-Gita, it is critical to manage oneself thus allow the individual to reach the best level. This principle is thus enlightens the Indians to apply all managerial techniques leading to a balanced state. therefore, the manager overcomes conflicts and contradictions that can cause inefficiency in an organization. The Bhagavad Gita has further described various management concepts including excellence in work, motivation, leadership, work ethics, and vision. with these concepts, the organizational managers can make critical decisions that would benefit the business. Through the Bhagavad-Gita, it is possible for the leader to motivate and create a work culture required for the success of an organization. the Bhagavad-Gita principle seems to address the issues befalling the human minds. It exposes the Indian manager to the conflict resolution strategy thus avoids preventable conflicts associated with the western thoughts. the Bhagavad-Gita is an effective managerial practice. It can thus be evident in various management concepts: The work of a manager revolves around proper utilization of resources. in most cases, resources are never enough, thus a wise decision on the management is critical. For example, before the Mahabharata War, it was critical to choose the large army to achieve victory. Arjuna opted for the wisdom of Sri Krishna for support. Based on the Bhagavad-Gita, it was evident that an effective manager must utilize the available resources. in erecting the temple, the three stonecutters were essential. The response of workers was illuminating. For example, the workers acknowledge that they were poor and needed the job to maintain their families. The workers showed that they had positive attitudes towards work because each wanted to justify their ability to produce results. Although their tasks were identical, the workers had different perspectives. Therefore, Bhagavad-Gita emphasizes on the development of a visionary perspective. the workers should establish a sense of vision to achieve the common goal. The Bhagavad-Gita emphasizes on detachment from results of actions or fruits during work. According to Riches, the managers should be dedicated to their work so that they can generate excellent work (8). Conversely, the aspects of detachment experienced at work are because the companies are never designed to respond to the positive calculations. the Bhagavad-Gita affirms the significance of mortgaging the present commitment. people should measure up to uncertain future by being unattached to their actions. The Bhagavad-Gita has given relevance to the cause and effect theory that ensures the doers become responsible for their actions (Kanniappan 26). The Gita maintains that individuals who focus on selfish gains must be ready for the arising consequences. The Gita also describes the aspects of stress management. it indicates that managers can overcome burnouts through psychological energy conservation in any work situation. Therefore, the right attitude to work is comparable to nishka ma karma that has ensured individuals avoids ego. Presumably, people work to accomplish their daily needs. these are the motivational factors as defined in the motivational theory as through work, a person can satisfy the needs, such as adequate food, shelter, clothing, status, appreciation, recognition, and personality development (Easwaran 34). Without a doubt, the need to satisfy the expectations of the society is critical for the success of the manager. besides, the low paid workers demonstrate exemplary skills in self-realization no matter the low satisfaction level. The theory of self-realization or self-transcendence forms the basis of the Gita. The theory shows the significance of overcoming obstacles by renouncing egoism (Head 16). Indisputably, people should detach from egos to avoid spoiling their work. The Gita advices people or manager to seek for the divine intervention thus avoids egocentric desires, needs, and passions. Therefore, individuals should establish a work culture to achieve organization goals. Conclusion The Gita provides an important message to managers in handling the human situation. Sri Krishna has opted for inspiration actions to motivate and justify the aspects of self-confidence. This marked the victory of ethical action because the words used were encouraged strength and self-confidence. For instance, when Arjuna stood to fight, Sri Krishna offered the best advice that encouraged an intense action for the benefit of the society not individual gain. This was a victory of dharma as Arjunas action was for the good of the society. Based on this article, it is evident that the Indian society values the Gita. Therefore, the managers should use Sri Krishnas advice to avoid the temporary failures and actions. Works Cited Aggrarwal, Ashok. The Teachings and Lessons of Gita and its Relevance to the Modern. Speakingtree.In, 21 May 2014. https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/the-teachings-and-lessons-of-gita-and-its-relevance-to-the-modern-management-and-corporate-world. Accessed 10 May 2017. Aristotle. Nicomachean ethic. London, England: Penguin Classics, 2004. Bhatnagar, Ankur. Management and Business Ethics through Indian Scriptures and Traditions. Management Paradise, 13 February 2012. Bhattacharjee, Anondo. Modern Management Through Ancient Indian Wisdom: Towards a More Sustainable Paradigm. Business Ethics, vol. 6, no. 1, Mar-Aug 2011, pp. 15-37. Bhattathiri, M. P. Management and the Bhagavad Gita. Quality Insider, 26 September 2006. https://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/quality-insider-article/management-and-embhagavad-gitaem#. Accessed 12 May 2017. Bhawuk, Dharm P.S. Spirituality and Indian Psychology: Lessons from the Bhagava-Gita, Springer, 2011. Cornelissen, Matthijs, Girishwar Misra, and Suneet Varma. Foundations of Indian Psychology. Delhi: Pearson, 2011. Easwaran, Eknath. The Bhagavad Gita. Nilgiri Press, 2007. Faustino, Horacio C., Ana C. Kaizeler, and Rafael J. Marques. The Ethics of a Globalized World: A Universal Ethics? Working Papers, WP 20/2009/DE/SOCIUS. Head, Tom. The Absolute Beginner's Guide to the Bible. Indianapolis, IN: Que Publishing, 2005. Information Resources Management Association. Business Law and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global, 2015. 1217 Kanniappan, Ravi Varmman. Business Ethics. HELP University, 2015. Mahadevan, B. Bhagavad Gita: Ideas for Modern Management. https://www.samskritbookfair.org/archives/882. Accessed 12 May 2017. Mahadevan. Management Lessons from the Bhagavad Gita. The Vedanta Kesari, December 2008, pp. 558-561. https://iimb.ac.in/sites/default/files/GitaManagement.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2017. Malik, Ashish and Vijay Pereira. Indian Culture and Work Organizations in Transition. Routledge, 2016. Muniapan, Balakrishnan. Bhagavad-Gita and Business Ethics; A Leadership Perspective. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization. HarperSanFrancisco, 2003. Ranganthananda, Swami. The Universal Message of Gita, Advaita Ashrama, Kolkatta, vol. 1, 2000, pp. 430-437. Rao, K Ramakrishna and A C. Paranjpe. Psychology in the Indian Tradition. Springer, 2015. 12, 14, 121, 225. Riches, John. The Bible: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000. Shankar, Arthi. Bhagavad Gita and Management. SlideShare, 30 September 2012. https://www.slideshare.net/arthi_shankar/bhavad-gita-mgmt. Accessed 11 May 2017. Ura, Dasho K, and de Patricia Pablos Ordo?n?ez. Asian Business and Management Practices: Trends and Global Considerations. IGI Global, 2015. Zeyar, Myo A, and de P. P. Ordo?n?ez. Managerial Strategies and Practice in the Asian Business Sector. Hershey, PA, USA: Business Science Reference, 2016.

Controversial Speech and Essay Topic Ideas

Your search is over. Topics on contentious issues that are controversial have always been of interest to all of us. Furthermore, the current educational system focuses more on debatable topics so that students can become aware of their societies and the stakes they are being held to. Â  Are you looking to give that great speech that will spark emotions in your audience? Alternatively, submit that essay that will evoke strong opinions among your readers and get their blood flowing? There is truly nothing like the feeling of expressing your views and defending your ground on the moral landscape against others opinions about issues in the world that need to be discussed. However, then there is so much to be discussed with so many problems arising every year, making it difficult to choose a topic. This brings us to the second part of this process, selection. Do You Know How to Select the Best Controversial Speech and Essay Topic? As we’ve established, there are so many possible topics to choose from. They may come from different areas such as education, religion, health, technology and research, discrimination, government, environment and many more. Each of these areas is rich with good topics to choose from that will ensure lively debates and expression of opinion. So how do you decide what to pursue? First, there are some things you need to pay attention to. The same way there are two sides to a coin, there are two sides to every issue. There will be those who support you and those who differ in opinion. The difference in opinion is what makes the topic what it is, a controversy. Here are a few tips to use when selecting good controversial speech topics, controversial essay topics, and debate topics too: Know your audience Some topics can be too aggressive such that they turn what should have been a civilized discussion into a verbal fight. You need to select a topic that is not outright offensive or unacceptable to the majority or else you might be put in a situation where you are alone in your views against the entire crowd. The relevance of the topic. Although most of the topics may already be relevant by the time you are at the college level in learning, some of them have little effect and will be given little thought because they do not pose a present immediate threat to the society. For example, a topic about workplace ageism that supports giving the elderly more jobs is a valid topic, but it may not be as appealing to college students as one on the use of contraceptives in our world today. Giving the audience something that is an immediate concern will work to your advantage because it will spark more opinions, more discussion, and hence a good topic. Your interests. Choose a topic according to your interests and passion, a topic you know something about. This will make the research phase easier, and it will give you confidence even in the presentation, you will be more convinced of your position on the matter. Your sources of information. The amount of information you have on a topic is very important here. The amount of research available builds the body of the speech or essay. The selected topic should have adequate information available to you so that you can support your claims and make them convincing. Know both sides. Since you will most probably have to encounter questions or conflicting statements on the chosen topic, you should make an effort to explore and understand both point of views and have enough to go on to engage your audience and make your case. Take a Look at This Sample List of Controversial Speech Topics We have randomly selected some topics from different areas that are designed to capture the reader’s interest, which will help you get an idea of how to create a topic from current issues. Higher education should only be available for achieving students. Nuclear power is a viable source of energy for the future. There is a glass ceiling for women. Availability of affordable HIV drug kits in drug stores. It should be legally made mandatory that adoptive parents should allow biological parents access to the children they gave birth to. Moral principles in the field of medicine. Is pleading mental illness a tactic of avoiding justice? The eradication of organized religious groups would benefit the entire world. Are vaccines beneficial or detrimental? Healthcare services should be free. Do we need medical experiments on humans? The benefits of genetically modified crops. The ethics behind combining human and animal DNA for stem cell research. Legalization of assisted suicide for suffering terminally ill patients. Implanted GPS systems threaten privacy. Are extraterrestrials real? The introduction of adult topics in TV programs and films designed for kids. Child spanking as a form of disciplinary action. Abolishment of the jury and giving the sole power of decision to the judge. Gender choice during child adoption. Educational institutions fail to teach students about life. Guns do not kill people. Humans do. Here is an Awesome List of Controversial Essay Topics to Select Also, if it is an essay you need, here are remarkable ideas to select from Ethics in medicine. Driving age for teens. Abusing the right to sue. Protection against medical malpractice. Gun laws and Gun control vs. Second amendment rights. Should it be legalized? Capital punishment. Animal testing. Genetic cloning Human Trafficking. Plastic surgery. Transgender rights. Minimum wage. Internet Content filtering. The necessity of sex education in school Climate change. Is it real? School uniforms. Drone strikes. Choose a Topic from This Detailed List of Controversial Debate Topics If your need is to produce a good and engaging debate, here is a sample of topics that may interest you: College Education. Is it worth it? Churches and Taxes. Cell Phone Radiation. Are phones safe? Born Gay? Is sexual orientation determined at birth? Fossil Fuels vs. Alternative Energy. Animal Testing. Is it cruelty? Illegal Immigration. Should it be legalized? Mass surveillance. Recreational Marijuana. Should it be legalized? Insanity defense. Chemical and biological warfare. Creation vs. evolution. Voting age? Should it be higher or lower? Electronic surveillance and the right to privacy. Corporate tax rate. American Civil Liberties Union. Need a Research Paper Topic? Here Is a List of Controversial Research Topics Finally, here is a list of topics of research that you may be interested in pursuing your research paper. Civil Rights. Affirmative Action. Freedom of speech. Zero tolerance policies. Foreign aid. Violence in the media. Social security. Artificial intelligence. Bilingual education. Genetic engineering. Childhood obesity. The Pharmaceutical company. As you can see there are all types of topics, you can choose from and still make an impression. But it is important to remember that everyone is entitled to his or her own opinions and not everyone might be willing to change his or her opinion no matter how hard you try to convince them. This should not discourage you! You cannot change the world in a single day. Hire Our Writers for Help with a Superb Article In the case that you feel this was not enough, and you need professional assistance, our professional academic writing service can help you with that crucial essay or speech. Call us today!

Resistance to Organizational Change

Resistance to Organizational Change The inclusion and acceptance of change have significantly featured in the present organization operations. User acceptance of change is vital for its implementation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Resistance to Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Perceived utility and simplicity of use is one factor that motivates individuals towards its acceptance. For a leader to guide, initiate, and implement change, he/she should have a good understanding of factors that reinforce or wane the workers. The reasons as to why people resist change varies from both internal, individual initiated to external environmental factors. Losing something worth is something employees fear. This comes because of focusing on internal interest instead of organization’s interest (Kotter Schlesinger, 2008). However rational the change could be, people will anticipate loss of things that they value if they accept change. When people perceive that change may cost them much or misunderstand its implications, they may resist it. A situation like that arises when there is no trust between individuals involved in the change process. Besides, when employees believe that they do not have the required skills or may not develop them with respect to the change to be initiated, they may not tolerate it at all. Peer pressure and attitude that supervisors may have towards change also contributes to low tolerance for change. If the nature of the change involves new processes, it may cause the need for new behavior and relationships resulting from new recruits. Low tolerance of such by employees may impact the intended new change.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other resistances to change factors includes individual’ routine seeking and short term focus. This is explaine d in terms of preference to oppose or adjust to change, whereby some people are more inclined to change than others are (Nov Ye, 2008) depending on the use of technology and personal behavior. Individuals who are routine seeking relate change to negative outcomes and do not tolerate uncertainty. For this reason, therefore, they would rather continue with their daily routine and focus than incorporate new ones. Disagreements within the management over the pros and cons of change can also cause resistance. The risks that may be involved may far outweigh benefits proposed. The tension that results may cause its implementation difficult for employees to understand especially if it is not communicated out well or due to inadequate information. Loss of income, jobs and breakup of work groups also contribute to resistance within the firm. External factors may involve the culture that the organization perceives its operations run. These may involve the basic norms and beliefs that employee s and outsiders have on how a firm operations are controlled. This may determine its survival and success in the market (Handler Kram, 1988). The contingency perspective also affects change implementation. Firms in complex environments would require unrefined structures with many liaisons through amalgamations, collisions and mergers unlike those in simple environments in order to initiate change. For ecological reasons, some firms may be influenced by external factors in terms of survival or annihilation depending on the nature of services they provide to the market and the necessity of demand for them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Resistance to Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Self-interest After experiencing growth for quite some period, The CEO of a local company decided that he needed to introduce a new product different in nature from the one they offered before to the market . This would mean new processes and people would be needed to initiate the change because of the unique product nature and the technological advancement it needed. The CEO eliminated the advice of other operating managers and grew the concern on a few. The operations manager and the procurement department were not involved though they were to help in determining effective production strategies. The CEO tried for several months to initiate the change until when the operations manager and head of procurement approached him with protest as to why they thought the change would not be successful. Objections from other departments also grew until the CEO finally abandoned the idea. The resistance rose from within the company. It had not reached the market where the firm marketed its products. The CEO focused most on his own interest in the expense of interest of the firm. Because of personal behavior and attitude, new ideas may come up which may need to be put into trial. However, attempt ing to put them into operation without involving the norms that other people are used to would most obviously cause turmoil in the organization. This was the practical aspect of the resistance due to exclusion from decision making. As a course of resistance, the users might have been worried or feared that the new change would not work. Subconscious thought or feelings of users have the tendency of diverting energy elsewhere from the change being initiated (Bovey Hede, 2001).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The people who are to promote change should have the same interest and not divided attention otherwise the process may not go through the transition. In order to overcome the resistance, it is imperative to educate the managers and communicate to the users the need for change. This requires a good relationship, time, effort, and involvement of everyone (Baack, 1999). The CEO should involve the resistors in the process of designing and putting the product into the market. This can motivate them to work towards the same desired direction (Kotter Schlesinger, 2008). He should then support the process through facilitation of new skills that could be required to produce a product. This can help in reducing fear and anxiety among employees. The CEO should offer incentives to potential resistors and negotiate with them. To manipulate them, he should give them desired roles to play through co-optation failure to which he can try coercion, both implicit and explicit only for the interest of the company. To follow Kotter’s model effectively and initiate change, one must establish a communication ground from which they will lay down information for change to the employees. They should establish a long lasting relationship with available employees, giving them offs and time to think about the change and accepting their opinion in the implementation process. It should be based on willingness to contribute to change through accepting responsibility. Give them freedom to choose ways or methods of working out solutions geared towards the same goal (Oreg, 2003). The CEO should empower all departmental heads and give them a chance to do what they can do. Their unique intellects and thoughts should be stimulated provided that they conform to the desired direction of change. Confirming that resistance has reduced is a process that requires the willingness of all employees. When leaders from other departments are able to see and understand that resistance results from thei r actions and they take measures to reduce them, it becomes a clear indication that change is being taken care of. Some other indicators include all employees accept responsibility for their actions, people work hard to meet targets without complaining among others. Everyone seems to be guided by the same goals and objectives the firm tries to achieve. References Baack, D. (1999). Organizational behavior, 3rd edition. Mason: Thomson South-Western. Bovey, W., Hede, A. (2001). Resistance to organizational change: the role of defense mechanisms. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16 (7), 534-548. Handler, W., Kram, K. (1988). Succession in family firms: the problem of resistance. Family Business Review, 1(4), 361-38. Kotter, J., Schlesinger, L. (2008). Choosing strategies for change. California: Harvard Business School. Nov, O., Ye, C. (2008). Users’ personality and perceived ease of use of digital libraries: the case for resistance to change. Journal of the American society for Information Science and Technology, 59(5), 845-851. Oreg, S. (2003). Resistance to change: developing an individual differences measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (4), 680- 693.

Leadership Practices at Whole Foods Research Paper

Leadership Practices at Whole Foods - Research Paper Example The company, which entered the stock market in 1992, has undergone numerous tests, including lawsuits and natural disasters but has remained highly competitive. Its distinguishing niche, which also doubles as its competitive edge, is the emphasis on foods, which have not been processed in any way. The company ranks third in terms of preserving the environment. This is due to their concern for a cleaner environment (Edwards 64). This award is among several that the company has received. Despite these accolades, it has faced accusations of using its ‘natural’ slogan just for marketing. Such achievement in a company is because of first-rate leadership by the management and other positive qualities among the management and staff. Leadership styles can affect the working environment, which then affects the efficiency of the business. If the workforce feels that their opinions are of no value or their contribution is insignificant, the jobs may lack satisfaction, and consequen tly, results to poor performance. This and other scenarios are dependent on the style, structure and practice of management (Kouzes and Posner 23). Kouzes & Posner identified five practices of exemplary leadership. These included leading by example, inspiring others, questioning the status, empowering others to do and encouraging the heart. The first practice emphasizes the need for leaders to show the way to the others. It underscores the importance for leaders to portray the values they advocate for, in both word and deeds. They should be at the forefront in the battle they are fighting (Kouzes and Posner 23-42). Inspiring others connote that leaders should light up the passions of their followers. The convictions they have about different issues in the company should be communicated well to the constituents. All means should be used to make sure they hold these convictions as their own. The course of the leader should be the course for all constituents (Kouzes and Posner 43). The y should share in the enthusiasm of the leadership. It is also required of leaders to invent and adopt new strategies for dealing with problems. Great achievements have always followed creative thinkers. Leaders must be innovative in their approaches to problems. Leadership also requires decentralizing of capabilities (Kouzes and Posner 173). The achievement of the goals of the company should be met by involving all the constituents. Everyone should be viewed as part of the future of the company, and everyone’s idea should be acknowledged. Finally, leaders should be able to strengthen the weakening wills. They should instil perseverance and dedication in the face of tough times. They should uplift, for example, by rewarding variant effort (Kouzes and Posner 315). Leadership practice: Empowering people to act Execution The leadership of Whole Foods has employed several of the above leadership practices in different times, and to varied degrees. The most conspicuous of these pr actices is its emphasis on empowering people to act. The employees at whole foods are the main custodians of the company’s processes towards it goals and objectives. The company organises its staff into teams. These teams are responsible for the development of the company (Jones and Hill 288). Each retail outlet has about eight teams on charge of the various departments. The leadership emphasizes this in the process they use to hire new staff. To ensure that the new employees to be hired are of the best quality, they are first

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Once the business has grown enough to be making a substantial profit, entrepreneurs can sell their idea for a profit and move onto the next project. 2. Jobs that are created in the healthcare industry are useful no matter where they came from. Allied industries have their own reasons for getting involved with a healthcare organization, but the benefits can be mutual because each party can make some gains. Alliances like this should be encouraged because job creation can benefit the healthcare in so many ways. Not only does it provide jobs, but it also goes a long way to saving more lives. The healthcare industry is one of the mostly hotly debated topics in American politics, but even all political sides would agree that allied industries do provide many benefits to the healthcare industry that wouldn’t otherwise be provided. For healthcare organizations, trying to reduce costs is one of the primary goals, and if that can be done by working with allied industries, then this can only be thought of as a good

Health and Social Care within the British Welfare State

Health and Social Care within the British Welfare State The 1843 Poor Law was created because the middle and upper classes were coming to the conclusion that the local taxes they were paying were supporting the poor to be lazy and avoid work so many complained wanting a change to the current system. The new poor law sounded good as the poor and homeless would be sent to work houses being clothed and fed, even children would get some education there and they would have work for several hours a day. The work houses were not as accommodating as that; the people were treated as slaves, as if they were being punished for being poor and the work was hard and often dangerous. The workhouses would be an object of fear for the poor, families would be split up, they suffered from poor diets and any medical needs were not met. Many were outraged and spoke out against the poor law. Richard Oastler was one of those who spoke out against the poor law and fought for reform of the factories. He said: â€Å"I will use all my influence in trying to remove from our factory system the cruelties which are practiced in our mills. (Chaplin, A. 2009).† Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th earl of Shaftesbury fought for factory reform for improved working conditions and in 1847 the changes to the factory act were improved and over the years kept improving to try and stop any worker being exploited. The great wars gave medical specialist a new image of stardom from the people of Britain because of their courage on the battle field and treating those back home. The first Great War praised the actions of the orthopaedic surgeon preforming impressive lifesaving medical procedures where ever they were needed. By World War 2 there were advances in medical, factory and motorised machinery leading to new challenges for medical professionals to deal with a new range of injuries. The orthopaedic surgeon now shared the limelight with other medical specialists now being recognised for their work. During the interwar years plastic surgeons were developing their skills and maintaining their specialist identity; their profession was now in high demand treating burn victims which was now an injury that affected a high amount of individual during WW2 because of the petrol driven means of transport; this also called for a high demand for burn specialists, cardiologists and thoracic surgeons who now had to treat patients who have been crushed by vehicles of war and machinery. A more modernised society was producing more ailments where the health care had to develop to meet the needs. The end of WW2 now recognised the importance of rehabilitation, this was not the situation after WW1 but now occupational therapists and physical medicines were sought after. The poor living conditions and the constant threat of danger caused a high number of soldiers and civilians to suffer with a psychiatric disorder and requested the need of psychiatric help. More than A third of military officers suffered with a mental disorder. WW2 created more opportunities for pathology as Penicillin ‘the miracle drug,’ cured wound infection, STDs and relieving a range of life threatening disease. The improved health of soldiers and gave them a morale boost and boosted the idea of creating more medicines to cure diseases. (Hardy, A. 2009) After 1945 Britain’s economy needed reconstruction so Britain wanted an influx of immigration labour. There was a large population growth which did lead to a shortage of social houses and from 1946 to the 1960s there was a baby boom leaving the system overwhelmed with the rapidly growing population. Sir William Beverage wrote the report Social Insurance and Allied Services in 1942 which became the blue print for the modern welfare state. â€Å"The Beveridge Report aimed to provide a comprehensive system of social insurance from cradle to grave. It proposed that all working people should pay a weekly contribution to the state. In return, benefits would be paid to the unemployed, the sick, the retired and the widowed. Beveridge wanted to ensure that there was an acceptable minimum standard of living in Britain below which nobody fell. (The National Archives. 2009).† â€Å"It was this report that identified the five ‘Giant Evils’ the government should fight namely: ‘Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. (Sir William Beveridge Foundation. 2012).† The public welcomed the idea with open arms and could not wait for it to be put into action but their current government the conservatives which was led by Winston Churchill missed his chance to ap ply any of the Beveridge report as he put all his focus on the war giving labour the chance to tell the public that they would implement this law if they were to get elected. In 1945 Winston Churchill lost the election even though his leadership helped win the war but it was not enough to keep him as prime minister because the British people were desperate for a better quality of life and equal health care, no longer have to go to struggling charity hospitals or only the working to be aloud treatment. (Addison, P. 2005). Labour now ran the country and led by Clement Attlee, his minister of health was Aneurin Bevan who would work hard to pass the national health act. Aneurin Bevan had a lot of opposition his main adversary was DR Charles Hill of the British Medical Association and organised a vote amongst all doctors to vote for or against the NHS, 85% were against and all those who were for were bullied for it and they created propaganda for the media to turn the public against the NHS. The doctors wanted to keep their status of independent contractors and not become civil servants. The working and middle classes were in support of the NHS, only 13% was on the side of the doctors. Aneurin gained support of Lord Moran the president of the Royal College of Physicians who controlled the consultants and the charity hospitals they were at this time destitute and Aneurin would support these hospitals with tax funding if he had support from his medical staff. The remaining doctors decided to join the NHS da ys before the start of the act as they realised all patients would be joining the NHS leaving their clinics soon to be empty. 1948 the National Health Act was implemented. The medical system realised how people were suffering with conditions who could not afford the healthcare. The hospitals were full and patience were requesting a lot of treatment as so many conditions were far gone they needed a lot of care even babies were in terrible conditions, before the NHS babies had a high mortality rate. (Rick, B. 2008). The NHS continued to improve and parliament discovers that it was impossible to cap its spending as medical techniques and equipment was always evolving. â€Å"Bevan foresaw this in speaking on 2nd June to a Royal College of Nursing conference. ‘We shall never have all we need, he said. Expectations will always exceed capacity. (Rivett. G. 2014)†. In 1965 there was an investigation into the local authorities in England and Wales; in 1968 this report was published by Fredrick Seebohm. He believed the current system was inadequate and a new more family orientated system should take its place and work for the individual and could work long term. He wanted it to be better than the current services but will be able to provide those services that are already available like â€Å"the childrens departments, the welfare services provided under the National Assistance Act 1948, educational welfare and child guidance services, the home help service, mental health social work services and other social work services provided by health departments, day nurseries, and certain social welfare work currently undertaken by some housing departments.† Local authorities should be able to assess a situation immediately and be able to provide for them out of what provisions they have in their own area. This improved social services department will be provided with training and staff will gain a social worker qualification and there will be specific jobs like field staff and residential staff. 11. (Seebohm, F. 1968). In 1970 the Local Authority Social Services act was implemented making it mandatory for every local authority to have a social services department and should adhere to the functions set by the secretary of state. The LASS act 1970 will work alongside the National Health Service Act 1946, the National Assistance Act 1948 and the Children Act 1948. Local authorities would also follow this act as they would their Health Visiting and Social Work (Training) Act 1962 and Health Services and Public Health Act 1968 and refer to all acts when to fulfil their authorities function. There is a 22 year difference between the NHS act and the LASS act this could be that before the NHS act the attitude of certain groups thought that the poor were a burden, brought their situation on themselves and even some G.Ps did not like to treat those in the slums. So health care was a priority to bring society to a stage of good health and good living conditions so social services could come in and have the provisions to work with and encourage wellbeing because the previous ill health of those who couldn’t afford to get it treated gave a low chance of living long lives for the working class. Social services would not be able to make their assessment if people were not able to be diagnosed by physicians or psychiatrists and a social worker does not have the medical training to diagnose a person and then people would go without help. Also working class and a high number of middle class were ill, suffering neglect from the state and malnourished if this was the norm in so me parts of Britain what could that area’s local authority do if the poor living conditions were that vast and what would be a case for social services to step in would be the how certain people had to live due to their financial status. In 1979 Margret Thatcher a conservative leader and a Neo-liberal became prime minister after winning the election against Labour as it was said their bad leadership lead to the country being in debt. Unlike her labour predecessors Thatcher opposed some of the ideas of the Beveridge report and reformed the NHS for it to become more of a market where the patients become customers and encouraged people to go private. She created the National Health Service act 1980 which promoted privatisation. This concerned the public who still wanted to keep their NHS the way it was but the waiting lists got longer and certain wards started to close. Health boards became purchasers and would have contracts with different medical drug companies to be able to purchase the best value for money. After Thatcher ‘the cradle to the grave’ ideology has not be looked back on. (BBC NEWS) The Barclay Report 1982 identified the unrealistic expectations of social workers and how society and the media would complain when these expectations were not met. Barclay saw two distinctive elements to social work: counselling and social care planning. He encouraged the idea of partnership between service users, families, statutory services and voluntary services and also to seek networks of care in the service users’ community. (Blewett, J. 1997) John Major was next after Thatcher in 1990 and continued with the reform of the NHS. Under conservative leadership â€Å"eight English Regional Health Authorities abolished from April 1996 and replaced by eight regional offices of a new NHS Executive, based in Leeds. Likewise, 100 new Health Authorities (HAs) replaced the previous structure of District Health Authorities and Family Health Service Authorities, the aim being to reduce bureaucracy and improve services. With no regional structure in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, responsibility was left with health departments at national and local trust level. (BBC NEWS). â€Å" Labour comes back into power 1997 with Leader Tony Blair who believed in ‘the third way’. The third way’ or New Labour was the combination of the best features of the USA and Continental Europe economic dynamism and European social inclusion and bring them together. (Powell, M. 2008). Pressures from Scottish and Welsh Labour parties led to a political commitment by labour to transfer the powers from the Scottish office to a Scottish Parliament giving the ability to now pass primary legislation in those areas and from the welsh office to a National Assembly for Wales, administering and financing them within a frame work of Westminster legislation. Scotland and Wales now had the power to create health, education, housing and training department’s government by their own parliaments and Assembly and this system became a lot more organised. There are differences in some of the services of the NHS in other regions compared to England. In Wales and Scotland presc riptions are free but in England people are charged, ‘The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’ is responsible for cost efficient medicines and equipment for England and Wales based but its ‘The Scottish Medicines Consortium’ that is in charge of that in Scotland and only in Scotland was the NHS car parking char abolished. (Hicks, R. 2013) Chancellor George Osborne gave his autumn statement 2014 sharing his plans for the NHS. Osborne has announced that he will be funding the NHS an extra 2 billion a year and a â€Å"new  £300m a year fund for kick-starting GP innovation†. The issue is is this too little too late, the NHS has been suffering for a while and is believed this extra money will be spend half way into the year on its shortfalls due to budget cuts. David Cameron quoted Thatcher by saying NHS spending was ‘safe in his hands’ but reports say the NHS has never been in such a worse state. Elizabeth Evans